Disorders NBCOT-COTA review
questions and answers.
Cerebral Palsy (CP) -
\Due to oxygen deprivation to the brain during birth.
Diagnosible from an early age- sometimes in infancy.
Varying degrees of muscle tone problems, involuntary movement, paralysis, speech
impairement, difficulty with sensory perception.
Cognitive disabilities, sometimes accompany.
Impairments in work, and social funtioning.
OT provides neuromuscular interventions to promote appropriate muscle tone and
movement.
Offer training in: ADLs, environmental adaptations and assistive devices.
EX. Wheelchairs, specialized eating utensils, and clothing adaptations; loops on
waistbands.
Acquired Immune Deficiency (AIDS) -
\Person -> Person via body fluids, blood transfusion, contaminated needles, birth, or
breast-feeding.
Debilitating to immune system.
Vulnerable to opportunistic infections, cancer, and other health problems.
4 levels of classification for patients:
Stage1: test positive, but no symptoms
Stage2: repeated upper respiratory infections and other minor symptoms
Stage3: may have tuberculosis, bacterial infections, digestive problems
Stage4: susceptible to internal fungi; infections, toxoplasmosis, Kaposi's sarcoma
(manifests as multiple open skin lesions)
Symptoms: Sweating, weight loss, fevers, repeated opportunistic infections.
Fatal, and incurable. Possible to extend and improve quality of life for patients.
Burns -
\Caused by heat, chemicals, radiation, extreme cold.
Affects the epidermis (outer layer of skin), the dermis (next layer of skin) or may
penetrate further into surface of body.
"Rule of 9" estimates hospital stay, and level of treatment.
9% each for head, neck, upper limbs.
18% lower limbs
36% trunk
1% genitals
1 hospital day per %age of body surface affected.
, Classified by degrees according to depth of tissue damage.
Fluid and calorie loss during initial stages.
Edema, scar tissue, chronic pain, nerve damage among other concerns.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) -
\Diagnosis: must exhibit symptoms of inattention and several of hyperactivity,
hyperactivity must have been present before age 7.
Inattention: losing things, carelessness, not appearing to listen when addressed directly,
no follow through on instructions, forgetfulness, easily distracted.
Hyperactivity: fidgeting, difficulty remaining seated or quiet, excessive running/climbing,
excessive talking.
Significant difficulty with occupational functioning, particularly at school.
Treatment: stimulants, behavioral interventions.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) -
\Lung disorder.
Tissue becomes dysfunctional and breathing is difficult.
Loss of natural elasticity and shape, some of the tissue is damaged or destroyed.
The lungs cannot take in and distribute oxygen sufficiently.
Tissues may be inflamed, over production of mucus and inhibits airflow in and out of the
lungs.
Progressive illness, no cure.
May require the use of supplemental oxygen part/full time
Most commonly caused by smoking.
Other causes: environmental irritants
OT interventions: breathing exercises, energy conservation techniques.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) -
\The heart does not pump blood efficiently enough to meet the body's needs.
Caused by cardiac disease, hypertension, enlarged heart, lung disease, or valve
problems.
Blood and fluid accumulate in other parts of the body causing edema swelling. Body's
vital organs may not receive sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function fully.
Symptoms: easily fatigued, short of breath, prone to lower limb and abdominal edema.
May sleep propped up due to trouble breathing while laying down.
Treatment: medication, dietary/lifestyle changes, low sodium diet, weight management.
OT intervention: energy conservation, education on dietary and health maintenance,
exercise regimens.
FOur-Level classification:
1. Have cardiac disease, not limited in physical activity by pain, angina, palpitations, or
other symptoms.
2. Slightly limited in physical activity, causing some pain, angina, fatigue during activity.
3. Markedly limited, experiencing symptoms even during less than normal activity.
questions and answers.
Cerebral Palsy (CP) -
\Due to oxygen deprivation to the brain during birth.
Diagnosible from an early age- sometimes in infancy.
Varying degrees of muscle tone problems, involuntary movement, paralysis, speech
impairement, difficulty with sensory perception.
Cognitive disabilities, sometimes accompany.
Impairments in work, and social funtioning.
OT provides neuromuscular interventions to promote appropriate muscle tone and
movement.
Offer training in: ADLs, environmental adaptations and assistive devices.
EX. Wheelchairs, specialized eating utensils, and clothing adaptations; loops on
waistbands.
Acquired Immune Deficiency (AIDS) -
\Person -> Person via body fluids, blood transfusion, contaminated needles, birth, or
breast-feeding.
Debilitating to immune system.
Vulnerable to opportunistic infections, cancer, and other health problems.
4 levels of classification for patients:
Stage1: test positive, but no symptoms
Stage2: repeated upper respiratory infections and other minor symptoms
Stage3: may have tuberculosis, bacterial infections, digestive problems
Stage4: susceptible to internal fungi; infections, toxoplasmosis, Kaposi's sarcoma
(manifests as multiple open skin lesions)
Symptoms: Sweating, weight loss, fevers, repeated opportunistic infections.
Fatal, and incurable. Possible to extend and improve quality of life for patients.
Burns -
\Caused by heat, chemicals, radiation, extreme cold.
Affects the epidermis (outer layer of skin), the dermis (next layer of skin) or may
penetrate further into surface of body.
"Rule of 9" estimates hospital stay, and level of treatment.
9% each for head, neck, upper limbs.
18% lower limbs
36% trunk
1% genitals
1 hospital day per %age of body surface affected.
, Classified by degrees according to depth of tissue damage.
Fluid and calorie loss during initial stages.
Edema, scar tissue, chronic pain, nerve damage among other concerns.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) -
\Diagnosis: must exhibit symptoms of inattention and several of hyperactivity,
hyperactivity must have been present before age 7.
Inattention: losing things, carelessness, not appearing to listen when addressed directly,
no follow through on instructions, forgetfulness, easily distracted.
Hyperactivity: fidgeting, difficulty remaining seated or quiet, excessive running/climbing,
excessive talking.
Significant difficulty with occupational functioning, particularly at school.
Treatment: stimulants, behavioral interventions.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) -
\Lung disorder.
Tissue becomes dysfunctional and breathing is difficult.
Loss of natural elasticity and shape, some of the tissue is damaged or destroyed.
The lungs cannot take in and distribute oxygen sufficiently.
Tissues may be inflamed, over production of mucus and inhibits airflow in and out of the
lungs.
Progressive illness, no cure.
May require the use of supplemental oxygen part/full time
Most commonly caused by smoking.
Other causes: environmental irritants
OT interventions: breathing exercises, energy conservation techniques.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) -
\The heart does not pump blood efficiently enough to meet the body's needs.
Caused by cardiac disease, hypertension, enlarged heart, lung disease, or valve
problems.
Blood and fluid accumulate in other parts of the body causing edema swelling. Body's
vital organs may not receive sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function fully.
Symptoms: easily fatigued, short of breath, prone to lower limb and abdominal edema.
May sleep propped up due to trouble breathing while laying down.
Treatment: medication, dietary/lifestyle changes, low sodium diet, weight management.
OT intervention: energy conservation, education on dietary and health maintenance,
exercise regimens.
FOur-Level classification:
1. Have cardiac disease, not limited in physical activity by pain, angina, palpitations, or
other symptoms.
2. Slightly limited in physical activity, causing some pain, angina, fatigue during activity.
3. Markedly limited, experiencing symptoms even during less than normal activity.
