NR 601 Final Exam Questions with
Complete Solutions 100% Correct
prediabetes - Correct Answer-impaired fasting glucose: fasting glucose is consistently
elevated above normal range but below 100 and 125 mg/dL
impaired glucose tolerance: state of hyperglycemia where a 2-hour post glucose load
glycemic level is 140-199 mg/dl
type 1 diabetes - Correct Answer-characterized by severe insulin deficiency resulting
from beta cell destruction producing hyperglycemia due to altered metabolism of lipids,
carbs, and proteins
immune mediated DM (type 1A)- 90% of cases; autoimmune destruction of insulin
producing pancreatic beta islet cells; triggering factor: infection (rubella, Coxsackie
before virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, mumps virus) or toxic insult with genetic
predisposition
idiopathic DM (type 1B)- inherited; more common in people of Asian, African, or
Hispanic origin
type 1 diabetes - risk factors - Correct Answer-* 60% of patients are <18 years old
Caucasian of European descent 1.5-2X more common
*High birth weight 4,000 g; higher than expected weight gain in first year of life
* protein components of cow's milk
* intro of gluten and rice containing cereals before 3 months or after 7 months
type 1 diabetes - presentation - Correct Answer-polyuria, polyphagia with paradoxical
weight loss, polydipsia, visual changes, fatigue, weakness
signs of dehydration such as poor skin turger, and dry mucous membranes
signs of severe ketosis (DKA): extreme fatigue, abnormal cramping, alterations and
breathing pattern, and telltale sign of halitosis
Hg A1C gives insight into glycemic control over what time period? - Correct Answer-2 to
3 months
initial goal of treatment for type 1 diabetes - Correct Answer-plasma glucose level 80-
130 mg/dl before meals,
postprandial (1-2hrs after beginning of a meal) glucose level <180 mg/dl,
and a1c 7% for adults
, lab values for DKA - Correct Answer-hyperglycemia - BG >359 mg/dl
ketonemia - plasma ketone >5 mmol/L
acidosis - bicarbonate <9 mEq/L
goals of glucose management in type 1 diabetes - Correct Answer-before meals: 80-
120 mg/dL
postprandial: less than 180 mg/dL
bedtime: 100-140 mg/dL
management of hypoglycemia - Correct Answer-1/2 cup of fruit juice
6 oz of regular soda
when cup milk
glucose tabs
recheck blood sugar after 15 minutes and give additional carbs if BG less than 70
number of kilocalories needed to maintain current weight - Correct Answer-men col on
66 + 13.7(WT in kg) +5(by in cm) -6.8(age)
women: 65 + 9.6(at in kg) + 1.7(ht in cm) -4.7 (age)
guidelines regarding exercise to regulate glycemic response - Correct Answer-check
BG before, q30-60 min, and after exercise
avoid exercise if fasting BG greater than 250 and ketosis; or if BG greater than 300
consume additional carbs if BG less than 100 and PRN
type 2 diabetes - Correct Answer-characterized by abnormal secretion of insulin,
resistance to action of insulin in target tissues, and/or inadequate response to level of
insulin receptor
diabetes- risk factors - Correct Answer-95% of people diagnose with DM
stronger genetic predisposition than T1DM
first degree relatives with T2DM have 5-10 fold higher risk
BMI greater than 25
age greater than 45
PCOS
hyperlipidemia
HYN
HX of GDM
AA, Latino, NA, Asian Am, Pacific islander
type 1 diabetes-diagnostic criteria - Correct Answer-* glycosylated hemoglobin A1C of
6.5% or higher
* symptoms of diabetes plus random plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dl or higher
Complete Solutions 100% Correct
prediabetes - Correct Answer-impaired fasting glucose: fasting glucose is consistently
elevated above normal range but below 100 and 125 mg/dL
impaired glucose tolerance: state of hyperglycemia where a 2-hour post glucose load
glycemic level is 140-199 mg/dl
type 1 diabetes - Correct Answer-characterized by severe insulin deficiency resulting
from beta cell destruction producing hyperglycemia due to altered metabolism of lipids,
carbs, and proteins
immune mediated DM (type 1A)- 90% of cases; autoimmune destruction of insulin
producing pancreatic beta islet cells; triggering factor: infection (rubella, Coxsackie
before virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, mumps virus) or toxic insult with genetic
predisposition
idiopathic DM (type 1B)- inherited; more common in people of Asian, African, or
Hispanic origin
type 1 diabetes - risk factors - Correct Answer-* 60% of patients are <18 years old
Caucasian of European descent 1.5-2X more common
*High birth weight 4,000 g; higher than expected weight gain in first year of life
* protein components of cow's milk
* intro of gluten and rice containing cereals before 3 months or after 7 months
type 1 diabetes - presentation - Correct Answer-polyuria, polyphagia with paradoxical
weight loss, polydipsia, visual changes, fatigue, weakness
signs of dehydration such as poor skin turger, and dry mucous membranes
signs of severe ketosis (DKA): extreme fatigue, abnormal cramping, alterations and
breathing pattern, and telltale sign of halitosis
Hg A1C gives insight into glycemic control over what time period? - Correct Answer-2 to
3 months
initial goal of treatment for type 1 diabetes - Correct Answer-plasma glucose level 80-
130 mg/dl before meals,
postprandial (1-2hrs after beginning of a meal) glucose level <180 mg/dl,
and a1c 7% for adults
, lab values for DKA - Correct Answer-hyperglycemia - BG >359 mg/dl
ketonemia - plasma ketone >5 mmol/L
acidosis - bicarbonate <9 mEq/L
goals of glucose management in type 1 diabetes - Correct Answer-before meals: 80-
120 mg/dL
postprandial: less than 180 mg/dL
bedtime: 100-140 mg/dL
management of hypoglycemia - Correct Answer-1/2 cup of fruit juice
6 oz of regular soda
when cup milk
glucose tabs
recheck blood sugar after 15 minutes and give additional carbs if BG less than 70
number of kilocalories needed to maintain current weight - Correct Answer-men col on
66 + 13.7(WT in kg) +5(by in cm) -6.8(age)
women: 65 + 9.6(at in kg) + 1.7(ht in cm) -4.7 (age)
guidelines regarding exercise to regulate glycemic response - Correct Answer-check
BG before, q30-60 min, and after exercise
avoid exercise if fasting BG greater than 250 and ketosis; or if BG greater than 300
consume additional carbs if BG less than 100 and PRN
type 2 diabetes - Correct Answer-characterized by abnormal secretion of insulin,
resistance to action of insulin in target tissues, and/or inadequate response to level of
insulin receptor
diabetes- risk factors - Correct Answer-95% of people diagnose with DM
stronger genetic predisposition than T1DM
first degree relatives with T2DM have 5-10 fold higher risk
BMI greater than 25
age greater than 45
PCOS
hyperlipidemia
HYN
HX of GDM
AA, Latino, NA, Asian Am, Pacific islander
type 1 diabetes-diagnostic criteria - Correct Answer-* glycosylated hemoglobin A1C of
6.5% or higher
* symptoms of diabetes plus random plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dl or higher
