NR 601 Final Exam 2 With 100% Correct
Answers 2024
neuropathic pain - Correct Answer-Neuropathic pain is caused by somatosensory
impulses in the nervous system - Diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia,
postamputation pain, and poststroke pain Appropriate medications- antiepileptic drugs,
antidepressants, and local anesthetics. Gabapentin is an antiepileptic medication that is
effective for nerve pain. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that is effective for
neuropathic pain as well Methadone is also used for severe pain and may be effective
for neuropathic pain. i. Methadone has a slow onset and long duration of action and
half-life Morphine is considered the most effective medication for pain in terminally ill
patients because it has fewer side effects
BMI classifcatiations - Correct Answer-<18.5 underweight
18-5-24.9 normal
25-29.0 overweight
30-34.9 obesity class 1
35-39.9 obesity class 2
>40 class 3 extreme obesity
C-peptide measurement Type 1 DM - Correct Answer-Decreased
C Peptide measurement in Type 2 DM - Correct Answer-Normal or Elevated
Distinguishing type 1 DM from type 2 DM - Correct Answer-Type 1 decreased C
peptide, islet and beta cell antibodies, ketouria
Risk Factors DM type 1 - Correct Answer-High birth weight >4000g
Higher weight in 1st year of life
viral antigens
dietary influences
RACE: White European descent
Risk factors type 2 - Correct Answer-fam hx (1st degree relative)
BMI >25
A1C > 5.7
Age> 45
HTN >140/90
Gestational diabetes
Hyperlipidemia HDL <35 Triglycerides >250
Women PCOS
Race (NATIVE AMERICAN, ALASKAN NATIVEs MC) AA latino, asian american, pacific
islanders
, DM diagnostic criteria (3) - Correct Answer-1- A1C > 6.5 repeat test
2- FPG > 126 repeat test
3- GTT > 200 $$
4- Random glucose >200 with symptoms
Diabetes screening - Correct Answer-Yearly if overweight
q 3 yrs if > 45
Pre diabetes ranges
A1C
FPG
RPG - Correct Answer-A1C 5.7-6.4
FPG 100-125
RPG 140-199
1st line treatment type 1 - Correct Answer-Insulin ie. Long acting: Lantus Gargline less
risk of hypoglycemia
1st line treatment for diabetes type 2 - Correct Answer-Lifestyle modifications
Metformin use if BMI >/= 35
ASA if pt is >40yrs.
Metformin MOA - Correct Answer-decreasing hepatic glucose production, decreasing
glucose intentional absorption, and increasing insulin sensitivity.
Metformin SE - Correct Answer-Nausea, vomiting, DIARRHEA, abdominal pain,
anorexia, taste disturbances (metallic taste)
Lactic acidosis (chills, dizziness, hypotension, muscle pain, sleepiness, trouble
breathing, bradycardia, weakness). Decrease B12 absorption.
Metformin education - Correct Answer-Swallow whole don't crush cut or chew,
Forgot dose- take as soon as remembered unless time for another dose (don't combine)
Stop 48 hrs before surgery or procedure with contrast. hold medication 1-2 days to
make sure pt has adequate renal function.
Metformin dosing - Correct Answer-Start low go slow
500 q day with evening meal increased gradually
MAX: 2000mg/day
-most beneficial at max dose
-have to titrate up to this level
Metformin CI - Correct Answer-Renal disease, abnormal Crcl, GFR <45, Acute MI,
septicemia
Liver impairment, alcohol abuse, cardiopulmonary insufficiency.
Answers 2024
neuropathic pain - Correct Answer-Neuropathic pain is caused by somatosensory
impulses in the nervous system - Diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia,
postamputation pain, and poststroke pain Appropriate medications- antiepileptic drugs,
antidepressants, and local anesthetics. Gabapentin is an antiepileptic medication that is
effective for nerve pain. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that is effective for
neuropathic pain as well Methadone is also used for severe pain and may be effective
for neuropathic pain. i. Methadone has a slow onset and long duration of action and
half-life Morphine is considered the most effective medication for pain in terminally ill
patients because it has fewer side effects
BMI classifcatiations - Correct Answer-<18.5 underweight
18-5-24.9 normal
25-29.0 overweight
30-34.9 obesity class 1
35-39.9 obesity class 2
>40 class 3 extreme obesity
C-peptide measurement Type 1 DM - Correct Answer-Decreased
C Peptide measurement in Type 2 DM - Correct Answer-Normal or Elevated
Distinguishing type 1 DM from type 2 DM - Correct Answer-Type 1 decreased C
peptide, islet and beta cell antibodies, ketouria
Risk Factors DM type 1 - Correct Answer-High birth weight >4000g
Higher weight in 1st year of life
viral antigens
dietary influences
RACE: White European descent
Risk factors type 2 - Correct Answer-fam hx (1st degree relative)
BMI >25
A1C > 5.7
Age> 45
HTN >140/90
Gestational diabetes
Hyperlipidemia HDL <35 Triglycerides >250
Women PCOS
Race (NATIVE AMERICAN, ALASKAN NATIVEs MC) AA latino, asian american, pacific
islanders
, DM diagnostic criteria (3) - Correct Answer-1- A1C > 6.5 repeat test
2- FPG > 126 repeat test
3- GTT > 200 $$
4- Random glucose >200 with symptoms
Diabetes screening - Correct Answer-Yearly if overweight
q 3 yrs if > 45
Pre diabetes ranges
A1C
FPG
RPG - Correct Answer-A1C 5.7-6.4
FPG 100-125
RPG 140-199
1st line treatment type 1 - Correct Answer-Insulin ie. Long acting: Lantus Gargline less
risk of hypoglycemia
1st line treatment for diabetes type 2 - Correct Answer-Lifestyle modifications
Metformin use if BMI >/= 35
ASA if pt is >40yrs.
Metformin MOA - Correct Answer-decreasing hepatic glucose production, decreasing
glucose intentional absorption, and increasing insulin sensitivity.
Metformin SE - Correct Answer-Nausea, vomiting, DIARRHEA, abdominal pain,
anorexia, taste disturbances (metallic taste)
Lactic acidosis (chills, dizziness, hypotension, muscle pain, sleepiness, trouble
breathing, bradycardia, weakness). Decrease B12 absorption.
Metformin education - Correct Answer-Swallow whole don't crush cut or chew,
Forgot dose- take as soon as remembered unless time for another dose (don't combine)
Stop 48 hrs before surgery or procedure with contrast. hold medication 1-2 days to
make sure pt has adequate renal function.
Metformin dosing - Correct Answer-Start low go slow
500 q day with evening meal increased gradually
MAX: 2000mg/day
-most beneficial at max dose
-have to titrate up to this level
Metformin CI - Correct Answer-Renal disease, abnormal Crcl, GFR <45, Acute MI,
septicemia
Liver impairment, alcohol abuse, cardiopulmonary insufficiency.
