WGU D312 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS STUDY GUIDE GRADED A+ LATEST UPDATE 2024
(100% CORRECT)
What is olfactory transduction? - (correct answer) conversion of chemical molecules
in the air into neural impulses by the olfactory cilia
What is local depolarization? – (correct answer) a locally generated depolarization
that causes an action potential
adaptation - (correct answer) the olfactory epithelium's sensitivity to smells over time
define odor threshold - (correct answer) lowest concentration of a certain odor
compound that is perceivable by the human sense of smell
In addition to tunicae, each eye consists of... - (correct answer) optical and neural
structures.
tunicae - (correct answer) Layers of the eye; there are 3
What are the 3 layers constructing the wall of the eye? - (correct answer) fibrous,
vascular, and neural layer
fibrous tunica - (correct answer) fibrous, outer coat
vascular tunica - (correct answer) pigmented, vascular coat
What is the purpose of the blood and lymphatic vessels of the Choroid? - (correct
answer) drain excess fluid from the posterior cavity
ciliary arteries - (correct answer) Arterial supply to the choroid
Ciliary body - (correct answer) the anterior portion of the choroid that sits behind the
Iris, forming a ring around the Lens.
The Ciliary body is composed of... - (correct answer) smooth muscle
Suspensory ligaments project from the ciliary body and attach it to - (correct answer)
the lens
Functions of the Ciliary Body. - (correct answer) 1) support the iris and lens,
2) adjust curvature of the lens
3) secrete aqueous humor into the posterior chamber
,The iris contains two rings of muscles - (correct answer) the pupillary constrictor
muscles and the pupillary dilator muscles.
Function of the Iris - (correct answer) Change diameter of the aperture of the pupil
The lens - (correct answer) a curved structure in the eye that bends and focuses
lightfor the retina to see images clearly
Neural Tunica - (correct answer) the innermost, neural layer.
The retina is attached to... - (correct answer) the optic disc and the ora serrata
the Retina contains... - (correct answer) photoreceptors and associated neurons and
fibers.
macula lutea - (correct answer) the area of the retina that provides the clearest
vision; contains only cone photoreceptors
fovea centralis - (correct answer) the area of the retina where vision is most
accurate.
optic disc or blind spot - (correct answer) the point from which ganglion cells from
the retina leave the back of the eye to form the optic nerve; no photoreceptors
Optic Nerve (Cranial Nerve II) - (correct answer) Nerve that carries impulses for
sense of sight.
optic chiasm - (correct answer) where optic nerves cross
optical structures - (correct answer) Admit and refract light and focus images
-cornea
-pupil
-lens
-aqueous humor( anterior cavity b/w cornea + lens)
- vitreous humor (posterior cavity b/w lens+ retina)
Aqueous humor - (correct answer) clear, watery fluid that is filtered from blood
capillaries in the ciliary body and is constantly secreted
Function of Aqueous Humor - (correct answer) maintain intraocular pressure
drain via the scleral venous sinus, located at the junction of the cornea and sclera
provide nutrients to the avascular cornea and sclera.
suspensory ligaments - (correct answer) hold the lens in place
,can change shape to accommodate viewing objects at closer or further distances -
(correct answer) The Lens
The vitreous body consists of...
is formed during the... - (correct answer) transparent jelly that fills the posterior
cavity
development of the eye
It is not renewed or replaced during life - (correct answer) The vitreous body
The posterior chamber is located between the - (correct answer) the iris, lens,
suspensory ligaments, and the ciliary body
It is filled with aqueous humor and allows light to pass through it - (correct answer)
The posterior chamber
The anterior chamber is located between the...
and is filled with... that allows light to pass through - (correct answer) cornea and iris
aqueous humor
neural structures of the eye - (correct answer) retina and optic nerve
process light signals and relay them to the brain
retina - (correct answer) the inner lining of the posterior eye; consists of 10 layers of
neural, epithelial, and supporting cells.
two types of photoreceptor cells - (correct answer) rods and cones
Photoreceptors - (correct answer) specialized receptors that convert optical images
into neural signals that the brain interprets
Rod cells - (correct answer) photorecptors sensitive to low light and provide black
and white vision d/t the photopigment they contain
Cone cells - (correct answer) sensitive to high light levels and provide color vision
Rhodopsin - (correct answer) the photopigment present in rod cells
Photopsin - (correct answer) the photopigment present in cone cells
Photopigments comprise two parts - (correct answer) retinal and opsin
three types of cone cells - (correct answer) blue, green, and red; the combination of
signals from all three types enables people to see different colors
superior rectus of eye - (correct answer) Insertion: Superior surface of the eyeball
, Action: Superior surface of the eyeball
Innervation: Oculomotor nerve CN III
What is the function of eyebrows - (correct answer) Direct perspiration and sunlight
away from the eyes
Accessory structures of the eye - (correct answer) Eyebrows, eyelashes, eyelids,
conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus
inferior rectus of eye - (correct answer) Insertion: inferior surface of eyeball
Action: Moves the eye so that the cornea is directed downwards (depression)
Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (III)
What is the function of eyelashes - (correct answer) Protect the eyes from airborne
particles
The lacrimal apparatus consists of... - (correct answer) The lacrimal gland, ducts,
canal, sac, and punctum
Tears from the lacrimal gland travel... - (correct answer) Down ducts in the upper
eyelid to the conjunctiva
Lacrimal gland produces... - (correct answer) Tears
Lacrimal punctum - (correct answer) A hole on each eyelid where tears begin to
collect
Each lacrimal punctum leads to a...
Which drains into the... - (correct answer) Lacrimal canal
Lacrimal sac
What is the function of the eyelid - (correct answer) Protect the eye from injury
What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus? - (correct answer) Produce tears to
moisten the eye surface, preventing drying and reducing friction
medial rectus of eye - (correct answer) Insertion: Medial surface of the eyeball
Action: Moves the eye so that the cornea is directed medially (adduction)
Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (III)
lateral rectus of eye - (correct answer) Insertion: Lateral surface of the eyeball
Action: Moves the eye so that the cornea is directed laterally (abduction)
Innervation: Abducens nerve (VI)
superior oblique of eye - (correct answer) Insertion: Posterosuperior surface of the
eyeball. Uses the trochlear as a pulley.
ANSWERS STUDY GUIDE GRADED A+ LATEST UPDATE 2024
(100% CORRECT)
What is olfactory transduction? - (correct answer) conversion of chemical molecules
in the air into neural impulses by the olfactory cilia
What is local depolarization? – (correct answer) a locally generated depolarization
that causes an action potential
adaptation - (correct answer) the olfactory epithelium's sensitivity to smells over time
define odor threshold - (correct answer) lowest concentration of a certain odor
compound that is perceivable by the human sense of smell
In addition to tunicae, each eye consists of... - (correct answer) optical and neural
structures.
tunicae - (correct answer) Layers of the eye; there are 3
What are the 3 layers constructing the wall of the eye? - (correct answer) fibrous,
vascular, and neural layer
fibrous tunica - (correct answer) fibrous, outer coat
vascular tunica - (correct answer) pigmented, vascular coat
What is the purpose of the blood and lymphatic vessels of the Choroid? - (correct
answer) drain excess fluid from the posterior cavity
ciliary arteries - (correct answer) Arterial supply to the choroid
Ciliary body - (correct answer) the anterior portion of the choroid that sits behind the
Iris, forming a ring around the Lens.
The Ciliary body is composed of... - (correct answer) smooth muscle
Suspensory ligaments project from the ciliary body and attach it to - (correct answer)
the lens
Functions of the Ciliary Body. - (correct answer) 1) support the iris and lens,
2) adjust curvature of the lens
3) secrete aqueous humor into the posterior chamber
,The iris contains two rings of muscles - (correct answer) the pupillary constrictor
muscles and the pupillary dilator muscles.
Function of the Iris - (correct answer) Change diameter of the aperture of the pupil
The lens - (correct answer) a curved structure in the eye that bends and focuses
lightfor the retina to see images clearly
Neural Tunica - (correct answer) the innermost, neural layer.
The retina is attached to... - (correct answer) the optic disc and the ora serrata
the Retina contains... - (correct answer) photoreceptors and associated neurons and
fibers.
macula lutea - (correct answer) the area of the retina that provides the clearest
vision; contains only cone photoreceptors
fovea centralis - (correct answer) the area of the retina where vision is most
accurate.
optic disc or blind spot - (correct answer) the point from which ganglion cells from
the retina leave the back of the eye to form the optic nerve; no photoreceptors
Optic Nerve (Cranial Nerve II) - (correct answer) Nerve that carries impulses for
sense of sight.
optic chiasm - (correct answer) where optic nerves cross
optical structures - (correct answer) Admit and refract light and focus images
-cornea
-pupil
-lens
-aqueous humor( anterior cavity b/w cornea + lens)
- vitreous humor (posterior cavity b/w lens+ retina)
Aqueous humor - (correct answer) clear, watery fluid that is filtered from blood
capillaries in the ciliary body and is constantly secreted
Function of Aqueous Humor - (correct answer) maintain intraocular pressure
drain via the scleral venous sinus, located at the junction of the cornea and sclera
provide nutrients to the avascular cornea and sclera.
suspensory ligaments - (correct answer) hold the lens in place
,can change shape to accommodate viewing objects at closer or further distances -
(correct answer) The Lens
The vitreous body consists of...
is formed during the... - (correct answer) transparent jelly that fills the posterior
cavity
development of the eye
It is not renewed or replaced during life - (correct answer) The vitreous body
The posterior chamber is located between the - (correct answer) the iris, lens,
suspensory ligaments, and the ciliary body
It is filled with aqueous humor and allows light to pass through it - (correct answer)
The posterior chamber
The anterior chamber is located between the...
and is filled with... that allows light to pass through - (correct answer) cornea and iris
aqueous humor
neural structures of the eye - (correct answer) retina and optic nerve
process light signals and relay them to the brain
retina - (correct answer) the inner lining of the posterior eye; consists of 10 layers of
neural, epithelial, and supporting cells.
two types of photoreceptor cells - (correct answer) rods and cones
Photoreceptors - (correct answer) specialized receptors that convert optical images
into neural signals that the brain interprets
Rod cells - (correct answer) photorecptors sensitive to low light and provide black
and white vision d/t the photopigment they contain
Cone cells - (correct answer) sensitive to high light levels and provide color vision
Rhodopsin - (correct answer) the photopigment present in rod cells
Photopsin - (correct answer) the photopigment present in cone cells
Photopigments comprise two parts - (correct answer) retinal and opsin
three types of cone cells - (correct answer) blue, green, and red; the combination of
signals from all three types enables people to see different colors
superior rectus of eye - (correct answer) Insertion: Superior surface of the eyeball
, Action: Superior surface of the eyeball
Innervation: Oculomotor nerve CN III
What is the function of eyebrows - (correct answer) Direct perspiration and sunlight
away from the eyes
Accessory structures of the eye - (correct answer) Eyebrows, eyelashes, eyelids,
conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus
inferior rectus of eye - (correct answer) Insertion: inferior surface of eyeball
Action: Moves the eye so that the cornea is directed downwards (depression)
Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (III)
What is the function of eyelashes - (correct answer) Protect the eyes from airborne
particles
The lacrimal apparatus consists of... - (correct answer) The lacrimal gland, ducts,
canal, sac, and punctum
Tears from the lacrimal gland travel... - (correct answer) Down ducts in the upper
eyelid to the conjunctiva
Lacrimal gland produces... - (correct answer) Tears
Lacrimal punctum - (correct answer) A hole on each eyelid where tears begin to
collect
Each lacrimal punctum leads to a...
Which drains into the... - (correct answer) Lacrimal canal
Lacrimal sac
What is the function of the eyelid - (correct answer) Protect the eye from injury
What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus? - (correct answer) Produce tears to
moisten the eye surface, preventing drying and reducing friction
medial rectus of eye - (correct answer) Insertion: Medial surface of the eyeball
Action: Moves the eye so that the cornea is directed medially (adduction)
Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (III)
lateral rectus of eye - (correct answer) Insertion: Lateral surface of the eyeball
Action: Moves the eye so that the cornea is directed laterally (abduction)
Innervation: Abducens nerve (VI)
superior oblique of eye - (correct answer) Insertion: Posterosuperior surface of the
eyeball. Uses the trochlear as a pulley.
