Rasmussen nur 2407 Pharm exam 1
2024
Antipsychotics (neuroleptics) - Resolve hallucinations
Typical Antipsychotics (nonphenothiazines) - Haloperidol (Haldol): use in acute
psychosis since it is immediate acting
Crisis can cause dystonia
Nursing intervention: phenothiazines and nonphenothiazines - Psychotropic washout
period: since many have long half-lives, avoid changing meds with overlapping
treatment which could lead to toxicity
Lorazepam (anxiolytics) use - works for immediate relief but poor choice for longer term
Major antidepressant groups - Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Atypical antidepressant
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
SSRIs and SNRIs prevent - reuptake of serotonin, increasing its level in the brain
Serotonin - A neurotransmitter known as the "feel good" hormone
Momoamine oxidase enzymes - break down neurotransmitters like dopamine,
norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain leading to low levels.
These low levels have been linked with depression and anxiety.
Tricyclic antidepressants side effects - Include dry mouth and eyes, GI distress
(anticholinergic effects)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors - Maintain levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and
serotonin in the brain
, Food interactions with MAOIs - Food that contains tyramine can cause hypertensive
crisis.
includes some cheeses, yogurt, cream, coffee, chocolate, bananas, raisins, Italian
green beans, liver, pickled foods, sausage, soy sauce, yeast, beer and red wine
Mood stabilizer: Lithium toxicity - Can cause arrhythmia, slurred speech, unsteadiness,
appetite suppression
Side effects of aspirin - Swelling of the eyes, face, lips, tongue, throat
Ringing in the ears, loss of hearing
Wheezing, difficulty breathing, hoarseness, fast breathing
Fast heartbeat
Cold, clammy skin
Hives, rash
Bloody vomit, vomit resembling coffee grounds
Bright red blood in stools, black or tarry stools
Pediatric pharmacokinetics: distribution - Neonates and infants have less body fat,
therefore low protein binding capability making the available drug high
Pediatric pharmacokinetics: metabolism - Liver metabolism, higher metabolic rate ->
increased rate of drug breaking down and availability
Pediatric pharmacokinetics: excretion - Infants have decreased renal blood flow &
glomerular filtration rate -> drug buildup
Nursing implications of pediatric drug administration - Considering developmental and
cognitive differences
Maintaining safety while ensuring comfort
Family-centered care
Nursing implications: older adult - Adherence: patient may not fully understand drug
regimen
4 processes of pharmacokinetics - 1. Absorption
2. Distribution
2024
Antipsychotics (neuroleptics) - Resolve hallucinations
Typical Antipsychotics (nonphenothiazines) - Haloperidol (Haldol): use in acute
psychosis since it is immediate acting
Crisis can cause dystonia
Nursing intervention: phenothiazines and nonphenothiazines - Psychotropic washout
period: since many have long half-lives, avoid changing meds with overlapping
treatment which could lead to toxicity
Lorazepam (anxiolytics) use - works for immediate relief but poor choice for longer term
Major antidepressant groups - Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Atypical antidepressant
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
SSRIs and SNRIs prevent - reuptake of serotonin, increasing its level in the brain
Serotonin - A neurotransmitter known as the "feel good" hormone
Momoamine oxidase enzymes - break down neurotransmitters like dopamine,
norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain leading to low levels.
These low levels have been linked with depression and anxiety.
Tricyclic antidepressants side effects - Include dry mouth and eyes, GI distress
(anticholinergic effects)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors - Maintain levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and
serotonin in the brain
, Food interactions with MAOIs - Food that contains tyramine can cause hypertensive
crisis.
includes some cheeses, yogurt, cream, coffee, chocolate, bananas, raisins, Italian
green beans, liver, pickled foods, sausage, soy sauce, yeast, beer and red wine
Mood stabilizer: Lithium toxicity - Can cause arrhythmia, slurred speech, unsteadiness,
appetite suppression
Side effects of aspirin - Swelling of the eyes, face, lips, tongue, throat
Ringing in the ears, loss of hearing
Wheezing, difficulty breathing, hoarseness, fast breathing
Fast heartbeat
Cold, clammy skin
Hives, rash
Bloody vomit, vomit resembling coffee grounds
Bright red blood in stools, black or tarry stools
Pediatric pharmacokinetics: distribution - Neonates and infants have less body fat,
therefore low protein binding capability making the available drug high
Pediatric pharmacokinetics: metabolism - Liver metabolism, higher metabolic rate ->
increased rate of drug breaking down and availability
Pediatric pharmacokinetics: excretion - Infants have decreased renal blood flow &
glomerular filtration rate -> drug buildup
Nursing implications of pediatric drug administration - Considering developmental and
cognitive differences
Maintaining safety while ensuring comfort
Family-centered care
Nursing implications: older adult - Adherence: patient may not fully understand drug
regimen
4 processes of pharmacokinetics - 1. Absorption
2. Distribution
