Chapters 1-12 AP Biology Exam Complete
Questions and Answers
Biology is the study of _____.
life
There are a number of properties that all organisms share. In humans, exposure to ultraviolet light
can result in a darkening of the skin. What kind of property is this?
response to the environment
What is the scientific term for a group of interacting individuals of the same type, living in the same
area at the same time?
population
Which series of terms is in the sequence of biological organization from the simplest to the most
complex?
A. community, population, ecosystem, habitat
B. organism, ecosystem, community, population
C. molecule, tissue, cell, membrane
D. cell, tissue, organ, population
D. cell, tissue, organ, population
Which of the following is true with regard to the relationship between ecosystems and communities?
A. Ecosystems include the nonliving components of an environment; communities include only the
living components of an environment.
B. An ecosystem is a part of a community.
C. Ecosystems exclude the living components of an environment; communities include the living
components of an environment.
D. Soil is an ecosystem component; water is a community component.
A. Ecosystems include the nonliving components of an environment; communities include only the
living components of an environment.
Tissues are composed of _____.
cells
The chemical energy used by most organisms for metabolism and growth ultimately comes from
_____.
the sun
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
All cells have _____.
a cell membrane
At which level of interaction does life first appear?
cell
Plants obtain their energy from _____.
light
,What would happen if an ecosystem lacked decomposers?
The ecosystem would stop functioning.
Energy is incorporated into most ecosystems by _____.
plants
What is the molecular commonality that is the basis of life's variety?
DNA
Actinosphenia elegans is a unicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryotic organism. To which domain does it
belong?
Eukarya
Typically, in which environment might we find archaea?
Arctic
(The photo contains unicellular, multicellular, and photosynthetic protists.)
Protista
In which kingdom can multicellular photosynthetic organisms be found?
Plantae
Protists can be distinguished from the plants and fungi because _____.
protists are eukaryotic and include both unicellular organisms and multicellular algae
Which group within the domain Eukarya represents organisms that are generally single-celled?
Protista
Eukaryotic organisms that decompose dead organisms and absorb the nutrients are generally found
in which kingdom?
Fungi
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Humans are members of the _____. (domain)
domain Eukarya
Humans are members of the _____. (kingdom)
kingdom Animalia
(Diagram with the beetles. 1st picture shows multiple beetles both black and white. 2nd diagram
shows a bird eating the white beetles. 3rd diagram shows the black beetles that survived). In the
figure, what leads directly to the reproductive success of these beetles?
The beetles with traits best suited to the environment survive.
,Natural selection tends to act at which of the following levels?
population
A pesticide kills 95% of a pest population. What will be the result of the continued application of this
pesticide?
Through time, the pesticide will become less effective at killing the pest.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Natural selection requires _____.
both heritable variation and differential reproductive success
What was Darwin's major contribution to understanding the mechanism of evolution?
He proposed the theory of natural selection.
A theory is _____.
a well-supported concept that has broad explanatory power
Which of the following statements is most clearly inductively derived?
A. If any animals observed require organic molecules as nutrients, then it can be concluded that all
animals require organic molecules as nutrients.
B. If all flying animals are birds, then bats are birds.
C. Because worms lack bones, they are classified as invertebrates.
D. An elephant is warm-blooded because it is a mammal.
A. If any animals observed require organic molecules as nutrients, then it can be concluded that all
animals require organic molecules as nutrients.
At which point is an investigator most likely to use deductive reasoning?
in establishing a test of a hypothesis
Science itself is capable of _____.
determining the physical causes for physical phenomena
Inductive reasoning is based on _____.
observation
Which of these is a scientific hypothesis?
A. My excessive urination may mean that I have high blood pressure.
B. For the last three months, I have had problems with excessive urination.
C. Researchers have observed that high blood pressure is often associated with excessive urination.
D. My father's problem with excessive urination was alleviated when he took medicine for high blood
pressure.
A. My excessive urination may mean that I have high blood pressure.
Radon is a radioactive gas that seeps into homes from the soil. It is thought to be a leading cause of
lung cancer. A research team investigates this theory. They gather large amounts of data on basement
, radon concentrations and lung cancer rates and conclude that the more radon there is, the more
likely lung cancer is. After the study is published, other researchers criticize it by asserting that the
studied neighborhoods with higher radon concentrations also have a higher percentage of old people
and a higher percentage of cigarette smokers than the low-radon neighborhoods. Both advanced age
and cigarette smoking increase the risk of lung cancer. This criticism, if correct, shows that the radon
study suffered from _____.
uncontrolled variables
Experimentation is only one part of the scientific process, but it is a very important step because it
_____.
allows rejection of some alternative hypotheses
Two garden plots were planted with corn. The soil was similar in each, and equal amounts of water
were applied to each plot. One plot was fertilized, the other was not. The experimenters measured
the yield as bushels of corn from each plot. The plot that did not receive the fertilizer was the _____.
control plot
A hypothesis must be testable to be scientifically valid. Being testable means that _____.
some conceivable observation could prove the hypothesis incorrect
A company was testing a new drug they thought would help decrease the risk of transmitting viruses
from mother to fetus. In an experiment to test the compound, a worker gave 400 pregnant female
rats a small dose of the experimental drug and inoculated each with a type of virus known to cause
disease in rats. An additional 400 pregnant rats were given only the virus. Of the rat pups born to the
females that received both the virus and the drug, 203 showed no symptoms of the disease; 207 rat
pups born to virus-only females showed symptoms. From this test, we can best conclude _____.
that the drug seems to have little effect on viral transmission at the dosage given
_____ is to science as _____ is to engineering.
Discovery ... invention
An increase in antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis bacteria is proving to be a problem in treating this
disease. This could be due to _____.
evolution
To understand biology, we need to understand chemistry. Why?
Chemicals are fundamental to the structure and function of all living things.
As of 2010, there are 118 known elements. Of those, how many are believed to be essential to human
biology?
about 25
The most abundant compound on Earth is _____.
water
A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical procedures is
known as a(n) _____.
Questions and Answers
Biology is the study of _____.
life
There are a number of properties that all organisms share. In humans, exposure to ultraviolet light
can result in a darkening of the skin. What kind of property is this?
response to the environment
What is the scientific term for a group of interacting individuals of the same type, living in the same
area at the same time?
population
Which series of terms is in the sequence of biological organization from the simplest to the most
complex?
A. community, population, ecosystem, habitat
B. organism, ecosystem, community, population
C. molecule, tissue, cell, membrane
D. cell, tissue, organ, population
D. cell, tissue, organ, population
Which of the following is true with regard to the relationship between ecosystems and communities?
A. Ecosystems include the nonliving components of an environment; communities include only the
living components of an environment.
B. An ecosystem is a part of a community.
C. Ecosystems exclude the living components of an environment; communities include the living
components of an environment.
D. Soil is an ecosystem component; water is a community component.
A. Ecosystems include the nonliving components of an environment; communities include only the
living components of an environment.
Tissues are composed of _____.
cells
The chemical energy used by most organisms for metabolism and growth ultimately comes from
_____.
the sun
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
All cells have _____.
a cell membrane
At which level of interaction does life first appear?
cell
Plants obtain their energy from _____.
light
,What would happen if an ecosystem lacked decomposers?
The ecosystem would stop functioning.
Energy is incorporated into most ecosystems by _____.
plants
What is the molecular commonality that is the basis of life's variety?
DNA
Actinosphenia elegans is a unicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryotic organism. To which domain does it
belong?
Eukarya
Typically, in which environment might we find archaea?
Arctic
(The photo contains unicellular, multicellular, and photosynthetic protists.)
Protista
In which kingdom can multicellular photosynthetic organisms be found?
Plantae
Protists can be distinguished from the plants and fungi because _____.
protists are eukaryotic and include both unicellular organisms and multicellular algae
Which group within the domain Eukarya represents organisms that are generally single-celled?
Protista
Eukaryotic organisms that decompose dead organisms and absorb the nutrients are generally found
in which kingdom?
Fungi
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Humans are members of the _____. (domain)
domain Eukarya
Humans are members of the _____. (kingdom)
kingdom Animalia
(Diagram with the beetles. 1st picture shows multiple beetles both black and white. 2nd diagram
shows a bird eating the white beetles. 3rd diagram shows the black beetles that survived). In the
figure, what leads directly to the reproductive success of these beetles?
The beetles with traits best suited to the environment survive.
,Natural selection tends to act at which of the following levels?
population
A pesticide kills 95% of a pest population. What will be the result of the continued application of this
pesticide?
Through time, the pesticide will become less effective at killing the pest.
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Natural selection requires _____.
both heritable variation and differential reproductive success
What was Darwin's major contribution to understanding the mechanism of evolution?
He proposed the theory of natural selection.
A theory is _____.
a well-supported concept that has broad explanatory power
Which of the following statements is most clearly inductively derived?
A. If any animals observed require organic molecules as nutrients, then it can be concluded that all
animals require organic molecules as nutrients.
B. If all flying animals are birds, then bats are birds.
C. Because worms lack bones, they are classified as invertebrates.
D. An elephant is warm-blooded because it is a mammal.
A. If any animals observed require organic molecules as nutrients, then it can be concluded that all
animals require organic molecules as nutrients.
At which point is an investigator most likely to use deductive reasoning?
in establishing a test of a hypothesis
Science itself is capable of _____.
determining the physical causes for physical phenomena
Inductive reasoning is based on _____.
observation
Which of these is a scientific hypothesis?
A. My excessive urination may mean that I have high blood pressure.
B. For the last three months, I have had problems with excessive urination.
C. Researchers have observed that high blood pressure is often associated with excessive urination.
D. My father's problem with excessive urination was alleviated when he took medicine for high blood
pressure.
A. My excessive urination may mean that I have high blood pressure.
Radon is a radioactive gas that seeps into homes from the soil. It is thought to be a leading cause of
lung cancer. A research team investigates this theory. They gather large amounts of data on basement
, radon concentrations and lung cancer rates and conclude that the more radon there is, the more
likely lung cancer is. After the study is published, other researchers criticize it by asserting that the
studied neighborhoods with higher radon concentrations also have a higher percentage of old people
and a higher percentage of cigarette smokers than the low-radon neighborhoods. Both advanced age
and cigarette smoking increase the risk of lung cancer. This criticism, if correct, shows that the radon
study suffered from _____.
uncontrolled variables
Experimentation is only one part of the scientific process, but it is a very important step because it
_____.
allows rejection of some alternative hypotheses
Two garden plots were planted with corn. The soil was similar in each, and equal amounts of water
were applied to each plot. One plot was fertilized, the other was not. The experimenters measured
the yield as bushels of corn from each plot. The plot that did not receive the fertilizer was the _____.
control plot
A hypothesis must be testable to be scientifically valid. Being testable means that _____.
some conceivable observation could prove the hypothesis incorrect
A company was testing a new drug they thought would help decrease the risk of transmitting viruses
from mother to fetus. In an experiment to test the compound, a worker gave 400 pregnant female
rats a small dose of the experimental drug and inoculated each with a type of virus known to cause
disease in rats. An additional 400 pregnant rats were given only the virus. Of the rat pups born to the
females that received both the virus and the drug, 203 showed no symptoms of the disease; 207 rat
pups born to virus-only females showed symptoms. From this test, we can best conclude _____.
that the drug seems to have little effect on viral transmission at the dosage given
_____ is to science as _____ is to engineering.
Discovery ... invention
An increase in antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis bacteria is proving to be a problem in treating this
disease. This could be due to _____.
evolution
To understand biology, we need to understand chemistry. Why?
Chemicals are fundamental to the structure and function of all living things.
As of 2010, there are 118 known elements. Of those, how many are believed to be essential to human
biology?
about 25
The most abundant compound on Earth is _____.
water
A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical procedures is
known as a(n) _____.
