AP Biology Study Guide latest updated
Law of Segregation
first law of heredity stating that pairs of alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed
allele
one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color
Law of Independent Assortment
each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of
other pairs so the results are random
Sickle Cell anemia
A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the
hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans, recessive
Huntington's
dominant disease, shows up in adult, generally 50's, effects motor functions and speech, slow loss of
physical functions, mental ones last to go, wheelchair bound and totally dependant
Dwarfism
a genetic abnormality resulting in short stature, dominant
Hemophilia
sex-linked recessive disorder defined by the absence of one or more proteins required for blood
clotting
Barr body
A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells, representing
an inactivated X chromosome.
genetic recombination
new combination of genetic information in a gamete as a result of crossing over during prophase I of
meiosis
disorders caused by nondisjunction
Downs syndrome, XXY Klinefelters, XXX, XO Turners syndrome, XYY
Semiconservative model
Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from
the old molecule, and one newly made strand.
replication fork
A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.
Law of Segregation
first law of heredity stating that pairs of alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed
allele
one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color
Law of Independent Assortment
each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of
other pairs so the results are random
Sickle Cell anemia
A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the
hemoglobin protein; it is the most common inherited disease among African Americans, recessive
Huntington's
dominant disease, shows up in adult, generally 50's, effects motor functions and speech, slow loss of
physical functions, mental ones last to go, wheelchair bound and totally dependant
Dwarfism
a genetic abnormality resulting in short stature, dominant
Hemophilia
sex-linked recessive disorder defined by the absence of one or more proteins required for blood
clotting
Barr body
A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells, representing
an inactivated X chromosome.
genetic recombination
new combination of genetic information in a gamete as a result of crossing over during prophase I of
meiosis
disorders caused by nondisjunction
Downs syndrome, XXY Klinefelters, XXX, XO Turners syndrome, XYY
Semiconservative model
Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from
the old molecule, and one newly made strand.
replication fork
A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.
