AP Biology Unit 1 Test 100% solved
water
-polar molecule
-polar colvalent bonds
-oxygen end is partial negative and the hydrogens have a partially positive end
-cohesive
polar covalent bonds
-opposite ends of the molecule have opposite charges
cohesion
-H bonding between H2O creates it (sticky)
-allows for the movement of water against gravity
-high surface tension
-water moves up a tree by transpiration (helped by ____)
adhesion
-H2O molecules form H bonds with other substances
~capillary action
~meniscus
~water climbs up fiber
solvent
-water is the universal one
-polar water molecules will surround the (+) and (-) ions causing the ions to separate and dissolve
-dissolve solutes and create aqueous solutions
hydrophilic
-some molecules have an affinity for water
-polar and ionic molecules
-ex: cotton, cellulose, paper
hydrophobic
-some substances do not have an affinity for water
-nonpolar and non ionic substances
-ex: fat, glycerol, oils
floats
-less dense when it is solid, water ______
-forms crystal lattice structure
-important because oceans and lakes do not freeze solid
~insulates water below
~seasonal turnover of lakes
specific heat
-the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g to change its temperature by 1C
-water had high _____ due to H bonding
-resists change in temp
, -moderates temp on earth
evaporative cooling
-organisms use to regulate their temperature
-ex: sweating
-water evaporates through a surface, cooling occurs
acidic
If [H+]>[-OH]
basic
If [-OH]>[H+]
pH scale
-how acidic or basic a solution is
-pure water, only 1 molecule in every 554 million is dissociated
-most biological fluids have 6-8
-each unit represents a 10-fold difference in H+ and -OH concentrations
neutral
-If concentration of 2 ions is equal
carbon
-all life mostly based on this element
-important due to its electron configuration
~able to make 4 stable covalent bonds (tetra valence)
~very versatile
-tetravalence allows them to be strung together in chains
hydrocarbons
-combinations of C and H
-nonpolar
~not soluble in water
~hydrophobic
-stable
-very little attraction between molecules
-gas at room temp
isomers
-molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures
-different chemical properties
-different biological functions
structural isomers
-differ in covalent arrangement of atoms
geometric isomers
water
-polar molecule
-polar colvalent bonds
-oxygen end is partial negative and the hydrogens have a partially positive end
-cohesive
polar covalent bonds
-opposite ends of the molecule have opposite charges
cohesion
-H bonding between H2O creates it (sticky)
-allows for the movement of water against gravity
-high surface tension
-water moves up a tree by transpiration (helped by ____)
adhesion
-H2O molecules form H bonds with other substances
~capillary action
~meniscus
~water climbs up fiber
solvent
-water is the universal one
-polar water molecules will surround the (+) and (-) ions causing the ions to separate and dissolve
-dissolve solutes and create aqueous solutions
hydrophilic
-some molecules have an affinity for water
-polar and ionic molecules
-ex: cotton, cellulose, paper
hydrophobic
-some substances do not have an affinity for water
-nonpolar and non ionic substances
-ex: fat, glycerol, oils
floats
-less dense when it is solid, water ______
-forms crystal lattice structure
-important because oceans and lakes do not freeze solid
~insulates water below
~seasonal turnover of lakes
specific heat
-the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g to change its temperature by 1C
-water had high _____ due to H bonding
-resists change in temp
, -moderates temp on earth
evaporative cooling
-organisms use to regulate their temperature
-ex: sweating
-water evaporates through a surface, cooling occurs
acidic
If [H+]>[-OH]
basic
If [-OH]>[H+]
pH scale
-how acidic or basic a solution is
-pure water, only 1 molecule in every 554 million is dissociated
-most biological fluids have 6-8
-each unit represents a 10-fold difference in H+ and -OH concentrations
neutral
-If concentration of 2 ions is equal
carbon
-all life mostly based on this element
-important due to its electron configuration
~able to make 4 stable covalent bonds (tetra valence)
~very versatile
-tetravalence allows them to be strung together in chains
hydrocarbons
-combinations of C and H
-nonpolar
~not soluble in water
~hydrophobic
-stable
-very little attraction between molecules
-gas at room temp
isomers
-molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures
-different chemical properties
-different biological functions
structural isomers
-differ in covalent arrangement of atoms
geometric isomers
