Nur 4010 Exam 1 Questions With 100%
Correct Answers
Components of a health history
demographics
chief complaint/history of present illness
past health history
family history
review of systems (growth and development)
developmental history (gross and fine motor skills)
functional history (daily routine, safety items, well child checks)
family composition
Normal HR range for infants
80-150
Normal RR range for infants
25-55
Normal HR range for toddlers
70-120
Normal RR range for toddlers
20-30
Normal HR range for preschool
65-110
Normal RR range for preschool
20-25
Normal HR range for school age
60-100
Normal RR range for school age
14-26
How do you determine a pulse for a child under 10 years old?
auscultate apical pulse for one minute
How do you determine a resp rate for infants?
auscultate breath sounds for one minute
At what age do children normally start having their BP checked?
3 years and older, younger with risk factors
,How often should you measure head circumference for children?
at well child visits and during hospitalizations until age 3
What general rule should be followed when doing an assessment on a child?
least invasive to most invasive
When should a genitalia/anus assessment occur for most children vs. an adolescent?
after the abdomen for most children
at the end of the exam for adolescents
What clothing should an infant have on during an assessment?
undress but leave diaper on at first, then change when assessing genitalia and anus
If an infant is asleep, what should you assess first?
auscultate heart, lungs, and abdomen
How should you remove clothing when assessing a toddler?
one at a time
Assessment strategies for infants
incorporate caregivers
calm/soothing voice
bright toys
Assessment strategies for toddler
explain equipment and play
use caregivers
positive reinforcement and praise
invasive parts last
Assessment strategies for preschoolers
simple explanations for each step
allow them to help
offer choices
provide praise
Assessment strategies for school age
allow them to wear underwear under their gown
use language they can understand
privacy
truth and simple explanations
Assessment strategies for adolescents
privacy, consider having caregivers leave
expose only the area you are assessing
discuss physical changes that are occuring
, allow them to ask questions
How long can fontanelles remain open for?
18 months
Abnormal/normal? Drainage from ears
abnormal
How long are infants obligate nose breathers?
4 months
How long is abdominal breathing normal for?
until age 6
At what age are alveoli fully developed?
age 7
Where should you auscultate the apical pulse from ages 4-7?
3-4th intercostal space, left midclavicular line
Where should you auscultate the apical pulse from ages 7 and older?
5th intercostal space
Why are children more prone to electrolyte imbalances?
easily dehydrated
Describe physiological manifestations of pain in children
tachycardia
tachypnea
hypertension
pupil dilation
pale, sweaty skin color changes
Describe pscyhological manifestations of pain in children
knitted brows, squinted eyes, closed tight
crying
jerky, flailing movement
stiff posture
distressed, anxious, irritable, lethargic
restlessness, agitation, hyperalert
sleep disturbances
QUESTT approach
question the child and caregivers
use a reliable and valid pain scale
evaluate child's behavior/physiologic changes to establish baseline
Correct Answers
Components of a health history
demographics
chief complaint/history of present illness
past health history
family history
review of systems (growth and development)
developmental history (gross and fine motor skills)
functional history (daily routine, safety items, well child checks)
family composition
Normal HR range for infants
80-150
Normal RR range for infants
25-55
Normal HR range for toddlers
70-120
Normal RR range for toddlers
20-30
Normal HR range for preschool
65-110
Normal RR range for preschool
20-25
Normal HR range for school age
60-100
Normal RR range for school age
14-26
How do you determine a pulse for a child under 10 years old?
auscultate apical pulse for one minute
How do you determine a resp rate for infants?
auscultate breath sounds for one minute
At what age do children normally start having their BP checked?
3 years and older, younger with risk factors
,How often should you measure head circumference for children?
at well child visits and during hospitalizations until age 3
What general rule should be followed when doing an assessment on a child?
least invasive to most invasive
When should a genitalia/anus assessment occur for most children vs. an adolescent?
after the abdomen for most children
at the end of the exam for adolescents
What clothing should an infant have on during an assessment?
undress but leave diaper on at first, then change when assessing genitalia and anus
If an infant is asleep, what should you assess first?
auscultate heart, lungs, and abdomen
How should you remove clothing when assessing a toddler?
one at a time
Assessment strategies for infants
incorporate caregivers
calm/soothing voice
bright toys
Assessment strategies for toddler
explain equipment and play
use caregivers
positive reinforcement and praise
invasive parts last
Assessment strategies for preschoolers
simple explanations for each step
allow them to help
offer choices
provide praise
Assessment strategies for school age
allow them to wear underwear under their gown
use language they can understand
privacy
truth and simple explanations
Assessment strategies for adolescents
privacy, consider having caregivers leave
expose only the area you are assessing
discuss physical changes that are occuring
, allow them to ask questions
How long can fontanelles remain open for?
18 months
Abnormal/normal? Drainage from ears
abnormal
How long are infants obligate nose breathers?
4 months
How long is abdominal breathing normal for?
until age 6
At what age are alveoli fully developed?
age 7
Where should you auscultate the apical pulse from ages 4-7?
3-4th intercostal space, left midclavicular line
Where should you auscultate the apical pulse from ages 7 and older?
5th intercostal space
Why are children more prone to electrolyte imbalances?
easily dehydrated
Describe physiological manifestations of pain in children
tachycardia
tachypnea
hypertension
pupil dilation
pale, sweaty skin color changes
Describe pscyhological manifestations of pain in children
knitted brows, squinted eyes, closed tight
crying
jerky, flailing movement
stiff posture
distressed, anxious, irritable, lethargic
restlessness, agitation, hyperalert
sleep disturbances
QUESTT approach
question the child and caregivers
use a reliable and valid pain scale
evaluate child's behavior/physiologic changes to establish baseline
