NUR 4010 Exam 3: Cardiology Mooney
Questions With 100% Correct Answers
What is the major cause of death in the first year of life?
Congenital heart disease
What is the most common anomaly of the heart?
Ventricular septal defect
What do we ask mom if the patient has cogenital heart disease?
History of drug use, especially cocaine.
What is significant about rubella infection during pregnancy?
Rubella infection in the first 7 weeks of pregnancy is associated with a 50% risk of defects, including
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and pulmonary branch stenosis
What organ facilitates breathing in the fetus?
Placenta
What are the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale?
Foramen ovale: A hole in the septum between the two atria. It closes after birth normally.
Ductus arteriosus: A connection between aorta and pulmonary artery. closes after birth normally.
What are some physical symptoms of cardiac dysfunction?
Poor feeding, weight loss, tachycardia, tachypnea, hepatomegaly
What is a right to left shunt?
When blood flows from right ventricle to left ventricle. The blood skips the lungs, so no oxygen
causing cyanosis and low spO2.
What is a left to right shunt?
Due to pulmonary hypertension. Blood flows from left ventricle to right ventricle causing symptoms of
heart failure. Crackles, hepatomegally. Acyanotic!
What are some defects that cause increased pulmonary blood flow?
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ducts arteriosus
What is a atrial septal defect?
Abnormal hole between the two atria. Blood flows from left atria to right atria. Patient may be
asymptomatic or may develop heart failure symptoms. Repair with patch.
Risk for emboli!
, What is a venticular septal defect?
a hole between the ventricles. Causes a left to right shunt. Most common anomaly! Repair with patch.
**Risk for emboli and bacterial endocarditis!
What is a atrioventricular canal defect?
A hole connecting all four chambers of the heart. Most common in kids with down syndrome.
Moderate to severe heart failure. Cyanosis and crying. Can cause heart block, mitral reguritation, and
pulmonary hypertension.
Keep child as calm as possible.
How quick should the ductus arteriosus close?
At most 3-6 months.
How to close a patent ductus arteriosus?
Indomethicin, a NSAID.
Why do we worry when administerating NSAIDS to kids?
Toxicity, they have low GFRs
What are some surgeries for patent ductus arteriosus?
Coiling/cutting the connection.
What sound do we hear with patent ductus arteriosus?
A murmur! The smaller the opening, the louder the murmur.
What are some obstructive defects?
Coarctation of the aorta
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonic stenosis
What is coarctation of the aorta?
A pinching of the aorta. This causes hypertension in upper extremities, and hypotension in the lower
extremities.
Causes left ventricle hypertrophy
How to rule out coarctation of the aorta?
4 limb blood pressure
What is aortic stenosis?
Aortic valve is stuck, causing fluid backflow into left ventricle. This causes left ventricular hypertrophy,
decreased cardiac output, crackles, and pulmonary edema
Questions With 100% Correct Answers
What is the major cause of death in the first year of life?
Congenital heart disease
What is the most common anomaly of the heart?
Ventricular septal defect
What do we ask mom if the patient has cogenital heart disease?
History of drug use, especially cocaine.
What is significant about rubella infection during pregnancy?
Rubella infection in the first 7 weeks of pregnancy is associated with a 50% risk of defects, including
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and pulmonary branch stenosis
What organ facilitates breathing in the fetus?
Placenta
What are the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale?
Foramen ovale: A hole in the septum between the two atria. It closes after birth normally.
Ductus arteriosus: A connection between aorta and pulmonary artery. closes after birth normally.
What are some physical symptoms of cardiac dysfunction?
Poor feeding, weight loss, tachycardia, tachypnea, hepatomegaly
What is a right to left shunt?
When blood flows from right ventricle to left ventricle. The blood skips the lungs, so no oxygen
causing cyanosis and low spO2.
What is a left to right shunt?
Due to pulmonary hypertension. Blood flows from left ventricle to right ventricle causing symptoms of
heart failure. Crackles, hepatomegally. Acyanotic!
What are some defects that cause increased pulmonary blood flow?
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ducts arteriosus
What is a atrial septal defect?
Abnormal hole between the two atria. Blood flows from left atria to right atria. Patient may be
asymptomatic or may develop heart failure symptoms. Repair with patch.
Risk for emboli!
, What is a venticular septal defect?
a hole between the ventricles. Causes a left to right shunt. Most common anomaly! Repair with patch.
**Risk for emboli and bacterial endocarditis!
What is a atrioventricular canal defect?
A hole connecting all four chambers of the heart. Most common in kids with down syndrome.
Moderate to severe heart failure. Cyanosis and crying. Can cause heart block, mitral reguritation, and
pulmonary hypertension.
Keep child as calm as possible.
How quick should the ductus arteriosus close?
At most 3-6 months.
How to close a patent ductus arteriosus?
Indomethicin, a NSAID.
Why do we worry when administerating NSAIDS to kids?
Toxicity, they have low GFRs
What are some surgeries for patent ductus arteriosus?
Coiling/cutting the connection.
What sound do we hear with patent ductus arteriosus?
A murmur! The smaller the opening, the louder the murmur.
What are some obstructive defects?
Coarctation of the aorta
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonic stenosis
What is coarctation of the aorta?
A pinching of the aorta. This causes hypertension in upper extremities, and hypotension in the lower
extremities.
Causes left ventricle hypertrophy
How to rule out coarctation of the aorta?
4 limb blood pressure
What is aortic stenosis?
Aortic valve is stuck, causing fluid backflow into left ventricle. This causes left ventricular hypertrophy,
decreased cardiac output, crackles, and pulmonary edema
