Ivy Tech APHY 101 Final Exam Questions and Answers – Latest Updated 2024/2025 | Graded A+

What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? ANS Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function of body parts 2. What are the levels of organization? ANS subatomic particles, atom, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organis Ivy Tech APHY 101 Final Exam Questions and Answers – Latest Updated 2024/2025 | Graded A+ 2 / 17 3. What are the requirements of life? ANS Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure 4. What are the characteristics of life? ANS Movement (internal or gross); Respon- siveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth (increase in size without change in shape); Reproduction (new organisms or new cells); Respiration (use of oxygen; removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption (movement of substances through membranes and into fluids); Circulation (movement within body fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically different forms); Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes) 5. Define homeostasis ANS Body's maintenance of a stable environment 6. What is a homeostatic mechanism? ANS the body maintains homeostasis through a number of self-regulating control systems; examples are regulating body temper- ature and pressure sensitive 3 / 17 receptors to regulate body pressure 7. Define matter ANS Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is com- posed of elements. 8. Define element ANS fundamental substance composed of chemically identical atoms 9. Define atoms ANS smallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter 10. What is the structure of an atom? ANS An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons in orbit around the nucleus. 11. Atomic nucleus ANS the nucleus contains protons and neutrons 4 / 17 12. Proton ANS subatomic particle that has a positive charge 13. Neutron ANS subatomic particle that has no charge 14. Electron ANS subatomic particle that has a negative charge 15. Atomic number ANS number or protons in nucleus 5 / 17 16. Atomic mass ANS number of protons plus number of neutrons 6 / 17 17. What are covalent bonds? ANS Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to become stable with filled outer shells 18. What are ionic bonds? ANS 2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom 19. What are hydrogen bonds? ANS Weak attraction between positive end of one polar molecule and negative end of another polar molecule; formed between water molecules 20. Define ion ANS When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions. 21. Define synthesis reaction ANS Two or more atoms or molecules are joined together 7 / 17 22. Define decomposition reaction ANS Larger molecules are broken down into small- er ones 23. Define exchange reaction ANS Parts of molecules trade places 24. Define reactant ANS The starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions, or molecules 25. Define product ANS Substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction 26. Define catalyst ANS influence the rates of chemical reactions 27. What is an acid? ANS Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water 28. What is a base? ANS Electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions in water 8 / 17 29. What is a salt? ANS Acids and bases that react to form water and electrolytes 30. What is a pH scale? ANS represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in solution 31. Neutral solution ANS pH 7; indicates equal concentrations of H+ and OH32. Acidic solution ANS pH less than 7; indicates a greater concentration of H+ 33. Basic solution ANS pH greater than 7; indicates a greater concentration of OH34. What is the difference between an organic molecule and an inorganic molecule? ANS organic compounds have hydrogen and carbon; inorganic compounds do not 35. What is dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis? ANS Dehydration reactions link monomers together into polymers by releasing water, and 9 / 17 hydrolysis breaks poly- mers into monomers using a water molecule. Monomers are just single unit mole- cules and polymers are chains of monomers. 36. What are carbohydrates? ANS Carbohydrates provide energy for cellular activities. These molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.