HESI Exit (Pediatrics,Maternity)Exam with 100% Correct Answers Latest Updated 2024 Success Guaranteed for Grade A+

Erikson stages of psychosocial development - Correct answer -Trust vs. Mistrust -Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt -Initiative vs. Guilt -Industry vs. Inferiority -Identity vs. Role Confusion -Intimacy vs. Isolation -Generativity vs. Stagnation -Integrity vs. Despair Piaget stages of cognitive development - Correct answer -Sensorimotor period -Preoperational thought -Concrete operation -Formal operation When does an infant's birth length double? - Correct answer By 4 years When does a child sit unsupported? - Correct answer 8 months When does a child achieve 50% of adult height - Correct answer 2 years When does a child throw a ball overhand? - Correct answer 18 months When does a child speak two to three word sentences - Correct answer 2 years When does a child use scissors? - Correct answer 4 years When does a child tie his or her shoes? - Correct answer 5 years When does a girl's growth spurt during adolescence occur? - Correct answer As early as10 years of age, and it occurs earlier in girls than boys Toddler behavior - Correct answer Temper tantrums are normal and are consideredaverage behavior Is rebellion against family values normal behavior for an adolescent? - Correct answer Yes. It is while they are forming their own identity Why is knowledge of normal growth and development important? - Correct answer It is used to evaluate interventions and therapy. For example, what behavior would indicate that thyroid hormone therapy for a 4-month-old is effective? You must know which milestones are accomplished by a 4-month-old (i.e. he has steady head control) Age range of an infant - Correct answer Birth to 1 year Age range of a toddler - Correct answer 1 to 3 years Age range of a preschool child - Correct answer 3 to 6 years Age range of a school-age child - Correct answer 6 to 12 years Age range of an adolescent - Correct answer 12 to 19 years Use facts and principles related to growth and development in planning teaching interventions. - Correct answer Example: What task could a 5-year-old boy with diabetes expect to accomplish by himself? One thing may be to let him choose the injection sites.This is possible for a preschooler to do and gives him a sense of control Tanner stages of pubertal development - Correct answer Girls: breast changes, rapid increase in height and weight, growth of pubic hair, menstruation, appearance of axillary hair, abrupt deceleration of linear growth Boys: enlargement of testicles, growth of pubic hair/axillary hair/facial hair/body hair, rapid increase in height, changes in larynx and voice, nocturnal emissions, abrupt decelerationof linear growth Age groups' concept of bodily image - Correct answer -Infants: after 6 months, theircognitive development allows them to remember pain -Toddlers: they fear intrusive procedures -Preschoolers: they fear bodily mutilation -School-age children: they fear loss of control of their bodies -Adolescents: their major concern is change in body image Major cause of death in children and adolescents - Correct answer Accidents; teach parents and children developmentally appropriate safety and accident-prevention techniques History required for vaccine administration - Correct answer DTaP: history of reactions,seizures, neurologic symptoms after previous vaccine, or systemic allergic reactions MMR: history of anaphylactic reaction to eggs or neomycin Note: the common cold is not a contraindication for vaccinations Immunization teaching to parents - Correct answer -Irritability, fever of 102ºF, rednessand soreness at injection site for 2-3 days are normal side effects of DTaP and IPV -Call HCP if seizures, high fever, or high-pitched crying occurs -Warm washcloth on thigh injection and "bicycling" the legs with each diaper changedecreases soreness -Tylenol every 4-6 hours German measles (Rubella) - Correct answer Nurse should counsel expectant because any child with this disease poses a threat to their unborn siblings Pediculosis - Correct answer Infestation of lice (head lice usually), which affects the scalp and hair. Appears as small white flakes on the shaft of the hair. Treatment is directed toward killing the adult lice, combing out the nits, and using a hair product containing permethrin or pyrethin Urinary output for infants and children - Correct answer Should be 1 to 2 mL/kg/hr Poisoning or ingestion in children - Correct answer Syrup of ipecac is no longer recommended. It is not best practice to induce vomiting in any way because it may cause more damage. Teach parents to call poison control center for any concerns To prevent lead poisoning - Correct answer Make sure the child is getting adequate iron intake to prevent excess lead absorption. More lead is absorbed on an empty stomach. Hot water can contain higher levels of lead because it dissolves more quickly that cold water. Only use cold water for consumption (drinking, cooking, and making infantformulas) What measurements in children reflect present nutritional status? - Correct answer Weight, skin-fold thickness, and arm circumference Early signs of lead poisoning - Correct answer Anemia, acute cramping, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, anorexia, headache, lethargy, hyperactivity, aggression, impulsiveness, decreased interest in play, irritability, short attention span Cystic fibrosis nutrition - Correct answer A child needs 150% of the usual calorie intake for normal growth and development Epiglottitis - Correct answer DO not examine the throat of a child with epiglottitis because of the risk of obstructing the airway completely Priority of nursing care (any age) - Correct answer Always the patency of the airway! Primary reason children and families seek medical care - Correct answer Respiratory disorders. Knowing the normal parameters of respiratory rates and the key signs of respiratory distress in children is essential Tonsillectomy - Correct answer Determine PT and PTT have been determined prior to procedure. More important, the nurse should ask whether there has been a history of bleeding, prolonged or excessive, and whether there is a history of any bleeding disorders in the family Seven signs of pediatric respiratory distress - Correct answer Restlessness, tachycardia, tachypnea, diaphoresis, flaring nostrils, retractions, and grunting Infants with congenital heart disorders - Correct answer May require tube feeding to conserve energy. However, they will still need to have a way to satisfy their sucking needs Difference between cyanotic and acyanotic defects - Correct answer Acyanotic: hasabnormal circulation, but all blood entering the systemic circulation is oxygenated Cyanotic: has abnormal circulation with unoxygenated blood entering systemic circulation Congestive heart failure in children - Correct answer CHF is a common complication of congenital heart disease. It reflects the increased workload of the heart caused by shuntsor obstructions. The two objectives in treating CHF are to reduce the workload of the heartand increase cardiac output Frequent weighings - Correct answerWhen frequent weighings are required, weight clienton the same scale, at the same time of day, so that accurate comparisons can be made Four defects of tetralogy of fallot - Correct answer Ventricular septal defect, overridingaorta, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy Rheumatic fever - Correct answer Aortic valve stenosis and mitral valve stenosis arepossible complications. It is treated with penicillin, erythromycin, and aspirin Nursing goal in caring for a child with Down Syndrome - Correct answer Help the childreach his or her optimal level of functioning Cerebral palsy nutrition - Correct answer Feed infant or child using nursing interventions aimed at preventing aspiration. Position the child upright, and support the lower jaw Increased intracranial pressure with hydrocephalus - Correct answer Signs of increased ICP (decreased pulse, increased blood pressure) are the opposite of those of shock (increased pulse, decreased blood pressure)