ACAAI Review for the Allergy & Immunology Boards Chapter 1 Exam with Questions and Answers

ACAAI Review for the Allergy & Immunology Boards Chapter 1 Exam with Questions and Answers What is the hapten-carrier effect? ANSWER Small-molecule antigen requires covalent linkage to a larger carrier to stimulate adaptive immune response. The process is achieved in collaboration between hapten-specific B cells and carrier-specific T cells. This is the basis of developing conjugated vaccines. What are the common superantigens and related diseases? ANSWER SEB and SEC from Staphylococcus aureus cause food poisoning. TSST from Staphylococcus aureus and SPE-C from Streptococus pyogenes cause toxic shock syndrome. Which type of T cell recognizes lipid antigens and what molecule is involved? ANSWER Natural killer T (NKT) cells recognize lipid antigens, and the CD1 molecule is involved. Which antigens are T-cell dependent and which are T-cell independent? ANSWER Protein antigens are T-cell dependent. Polysaccharide, nucleic acid, and lipids are T-cell independent. What is the binding site for CD4 on the MHC class I molecule? What is the binding site for CD8 on the MHC class II molecule? ANSWER On the MHC class I molecule, α3 is the binding site for CD4. On the MHC class II molecule, β2 is the binding site for CD8 Which chain makes up the peptide binding cleft in MHC class I molecules? Which chain makes up the peptide binding cleft in MHC class II molecules? ANSWER On the MHC Class I molecule, α1 and α2 make up the peptide binding cleft. On the MHC class II molecule, α1 and β1 make up the peptide binding cleft.