RRT Study Guide (NBRC) Questions and
Answers.
Four vital functions -
\Ventilation
Oxygenation
Circulation
Perfusion
Signs -
\Objective information
Color, pulse, edema
Symptoms -
\Subjective information
Dyspnea, pain, nausea
Visual examination -
\1st step in assessment
General appearance, sensorum, chest movement, posture, skin color
Bedside examination -
\2nd step in assessment
Breath sounds, vital signs, chest auscultation, chest percussion, past medical history,
cap refill
Lab examination -
\3rd step in assessment
ABG, CBC, CXR, Lytes
Special examination -
\4th step in assessment
Urinalysis, gram stain, MIP, VC
,Edema -
\Excessive fluid in the tissue
Occurs primarily in arms and ankles
Lasix
Clubbing -
\Thumb, first finger, and toes affected
JVD -
\Occurs with CHF
Cap refill -
\Color should return within 3 seconds
Obtunded -
\Drowsy state may decreased cough or gag reflex
ADL -
\Activities of daily living
Orthopnea -
\Difficulty breathing except in the upright position
CHF
Fick equation -
\Calculates cardiac output (Qt)
Qt normal: 4-8 L/min
Dysphagia -
\Difficulty swallowing
Diaphoresis -
\TB/nightsweats
Skin color -
\Normal: Race specific
Decrease in color (ashen, pallor): Anemia, blood loss
Jaundice: Increase bilirubin levels
,Erythema: Redness of the skin (Hypercarbia)
Cyanosis: Hypoxia
Cardiac index: Normal -
\2.5-4.0 for patients of all ages
Pectus carinatum -
\Anterior protrusion of the sternum
Pectus excavatum -
\Depression of the sternum
Kyphosis -
\Convex of the spine (lean forward)
Kyphoscoliosis -
\A combination of kyphosis and scoliosis
Reduced lung volumes
Asymetrical -
\Unequal
Eupnea -
\Normal respiratory rate, depth, and rythm
12-20 breaths/min
Cheyne Stokes -
\Gradually increase then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle lasting from 30-180
seconds
Biots respiration -
\Increase RR and depth with irregular periods of apnea
Kussmaul's -
\Increased RR (>20 breaths/min), increased depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds
labored
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Evidence of difficult airway -
\Short receding mandible
Enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
, Ascites -
\Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Caused by liver failure
Normal urine output -
\40 mL/hr (approximately 1 Liter/day)
Normal Body temp -
\37˚ C (98.6˚ F)
Normal PR -
\60-100
A change of more than 20 bpm is an adverse reaction (call nurse)
Normal RR -
\12-18
Normal BP -
\120/80
HTN -
\> 140/90
Kussmaul's sign -
\Deep and rapid breathing pattern occur in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis
Hoover's sign -
\Contraction of the flat diaphragm that draws in costal margins
Respiratory alterans -
\Diaphragm and rib cage are alternatively expanding
Bronchial breath sounds -
\Occurs when lung density occurs and breath sounds are heard in the peripheral lung
Diminished breath sounds -
\When sound intensity is reduced
Wheezes and stridor -
\Narrowed airways
Crackles -
\Secretions
Answers.
Four vital functions -
\Ventilation
Oxygenation
Circulation
Perfusion
Signs -
\Objective information
Color, pulse, edema
Symptoms -
\Subjective information
Dyspnea, pain, nausea
Visual examination -
\1st step in assessment
General appearance, sensorum, chest movement, posture, skin color
Bedside examination -
\2nd step in assessment
Breath sounds, vital signs, chest auscultation, chest percussion, past medical history,
cap refill
Lab examination -
\3rd step in assessment
ABG, CBC, CXR, Lytes
Special examination -
\4th step in assessment
Urinalysis, gram stain, MIP, VC
,Edema -
\Excessive fluid in the tissue
Occurs primarily in arms and ankles
Lasix
Clubbing -
\Thumb, first finger, and toes affected
JVD -
\Occurs with CHF
Cap refill -
\Color should return within 3 seconds
Obtunded -
\Drowsy state may decreased cough or gag reflex
ADL -
\Activities of daily living
Orthopnea -
\Difficulty breathing except in the upright position
CHF
Fick equation -
\Calculates cardiac output (Qt)
Qt normal: 4-8 L/min
Dysphagia -
\Difficulty swallowing
Diaphoresis -
\TB/nightsweats
Skin color -
\Normal: Race specific
Decrease in color (ashen, pallor): Anemia, blood loss
Jaundice: Increase bilirubin levels
,Erythema: Redness of the skin (Hypercarbia)
Cyanosis: Hypoxia
Cardiac index: Normal -
\2.5-4.0 for patients of all ages
Pectus carinatum -
\Anterior protrusion of the sternum
Pectus excavatum -
\Depression of the sternum
Kyphosis -
\Convex of the spine (lean forward)
Kyphoscoliosis -
\A combination of kyphosis and scoliosis
Reduced lung volumes
Asymetrical -
\Unequal
Eupnea -
\Normal respiratory rate, depth, and rythm
12-20 breaths/min
Cheyne Stokes -
\Gradually increase then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle lasting from 30-180
seconds
Biots respiration -
\Increase RR and depth with irregular periods of apnea
Kussmaul's -
\Increased RR (>20 breaths/min), increased depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds
labored
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Evidence of difficult airway -
\Short receding mandible
Enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
, Ascites -
\Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Caused by liver failure
Normal urine output -
\40 mL/hr (approximately 1 Liter/day)
Normal Body temp -
\37˚ C (98.6˚ F)
Normal PR -
\60-100
A change of more than 20 bpm is an adverse reaction (call nurse)
Normal RR -
\12-18
Normal BP -
\120/80
HTN -
\> 140/90
Kussmaul's sign -
\Deep and rapid breathing pattern occur in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis
Hoover's sign -
\Contraction of the flat diaphragm that draws in costal margins
Respiratory alterans -
\Diaphragm and rib cage are alternatively expanding
Bronchial breath sounds -
\Occurs when lung density occurs and breath sounds are heard in the peripheral lung
Diminished breath sounds -
\When sound intensity is reduced
Wheezes and stridor -
\Narrowed airways
Crackles -
\Secretions
