AP BIOLOGY UNIT 2-CELLS DEFINITIONS {GRADED A+}

AP BIOLOGY UNIT 2-CELLS

DEFINITIONS {GRADED A+}



Prokaryotic - ✔✔no membrane bound organelles

no nucleus(single; circular DNA)

free ribosomes and cell wall

example: bacteria

Eukaryotic - ✔✔has chloroplasts and nucleus

multiple linear DNA

histones on DNA

example: all other living things

Nucleus - ✔✔holds DNA and nucleolus (where ribosomal subunits are

made)

Mitochondria - ✔✔double membrane; outer= smooth, inside= folded with

enzymes to make ATP( site of cellular respiration (glucose breakdown)

Ribosome - ✔✔site of translation:protein syntheisis, made of rRNA and

protein

, Endoplasmic Reticulum - ✔✔connected to nucleus; allows for reactions,

membranous

smooth ER: lipids

rough ER: proteins

Golgi complex - ✔✔packaging in the membrane and signals for export

Cytoskeleton - ✔✔Microfilaments: contractile protein, gives

shape,movement within cell

Microtubules: centrioles, cilia,flagella, spindle fibers

Vacuoles/Vesicles - ✔✔water and solutes; large and central in plants

Lysosomes - ✔✔contain enzymes; used for intracellular digestion and

apoptosis

Centrioles - ✔✔used in cell division

Chloroplast - ✔✔double membrane; site of photosynthesis (glucose

synthesis)

Cell wall - ✔✔middle lamella: pectin

primary cell wall: cellulose

secondary cell wall: lignin