AP BIOLOGY UNIT 3-ENERGY AND
METABOLISM |LATEST UPDATE
{GRADED A+}
1st law of thermodynamics - ✔✔energy cannot be created or destroyed,
but can change forms
cellular respiration equation - ✔✔C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O +
ATP
cellular respiration - ✔✔makes ATP for cell use; uses glucose and oxygen
makes waste products of carbon dioxide and water
-occurs in mitochondria
-NADH is the electron carrier used
Glycolysis - ✔✔-occurs in the cytoplasm; anaerobic
-rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, releasing free energy to make
ATP from ADP through substrate-level phosphorylation resulting in the
production of pyruvate
, Kreb's cycle - ✔✔-occurs in mitochondrial matrix
-called the citric acid cycle
-occurs twice per molecule of glucose
-pyruvate is oxidized further and carbon dioxide is released; ATP is
synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate via substrate level
phosphorylation and electrons are captured by coenzymes (NAD+ and
FAD)
-NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the electron transport chain
Electron transport chain and Chemiosmosis - ✔✔-ETC captures electrons,
pumping H+ ions into the inter-membrane space of the mitochondria
-electrons are accepted by O2 molecule forming H20
-concentration of H+ builds up within inter-membrane space lowering the
pH and ions rush through ATP synthase into the mitochondria matrix. Rush
of ions "spins" ATP synthase protein= ADP and P to join forming ATP by
oxidative phosphorylation
Photosynthesis - ✔✔capture of free energy present in sunlight and use
water and carbon dioxide to make carbon products and free oxygen
light dependent reactions - ✔✔phosphosphorylation
-photosystems l and ll (chlorophyll and proteins) are embedded in the
internal membranes of chloroplasts (thylakoids of the grana) , they pass
METABOLISM |LATEST UPDATE
{GRADED A+}
1st law of thermodynamics - ✔✔energy cannot be created or destroyed,
but can change forms
cellular respiration equation - ✔✔C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O +
ATP
cellular respiration - ✔✔makes ATP for cell use; uses glucose and oxygen
makes waste products of carbon dioxide and water
-occurs in mitochondria
-NADH is the electron carrier used
Glycolysis - ✔✔-occurs in the cytoplasm; anaerobic
-rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, releasing free energy to make
ATP from ADP through substrate-level phosphorylation resulting in the
production of pyruvate
, Kreb's cycle - ✔✔-occurs in mitochondrial matrix
-called the citric acid cycle
-occurs twice per molecule of glucose
-pyruvate is oxidized further and carbon dioxide is released; ATP is
synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate via substrate level
phosphorylation and electrons are captured by coenzymes (NAD+ and
FAD)
-NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the electron transport chain
Electron transport chain and Chemiosmosis - ✔✔-ETC captures electrons,
pumping H+ ions into the inter-membrane space of the mitochondria
-electrons are accepted by O2 molecule forming H20
-concentration of H+ builds up within inter-membrane space lowering the
pH and ions rush through ATP synthase into the mitochondria matrix. Rush
of ions "spins" ATP synthase protein= ADP and P to join forming ATP by
oxidative phosphorylation
Photosynthesis - ✔✔capture of free energy present in sunlight and use
water and carbon dioxide to make carbon products and free oxygen
light dependent reactions - ✔✔phosphosphorylation
-photosystems l and ll (chlorophyll and proteins) are embedded in the
internal membranes of chloroplasts (thylakoids of the grana) , they pass
