ESL 154 Texas Teacher Exam Questions and Answers
LEP
Limited English Proficient
L1
Native language
L2
Second language
ESL
English as a second language
ESOL
English speakers of other languages
SI
Sheltered Instruction
SIOP
Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol
Phoneme
The smallest unit of sound in a language
Phonology
The study of the sound system of a language
Morpheme
The smallest unit of meaning in a language (word or unit - prefix re in redo, s in cars)
Morphology
The study of how morphemes develop words
Morphemes
a meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided (e.g. in, come, -ing,
forming incoming ).
Syntax
The order in which words occur in a sentence.• Semantics
Semantics
The meaning attached to a linguistic unit (word or phrase)
, Pragmatics
The proper use of a certain type of language for a given situation.
Lexicon
The vocabulary of an individual or topic
Discourse
Interchange of language between speakers
Compound Sentences
Two independent clauses that are joined with a conjunctions such as or, and, but.
Complex Sentences
One independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
Model how to break long sentences into
chunks, interpret chunks, and then sum up the main idea
noun
a word (other than a pronoun) used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things ( common
noun ), or to name a particular one of these ( proper noun )
Predicate
the part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject (e.g., went
home in John went home ).
Verb
Action
Adjectives
Modify or describe the noun
Prepositional Phrases
An example of a prepositional phrase is, "With a reusable tote in hand, Matthew walked to the
farmer's market." Every prepositional phrase is a series of words consisting of a preposition and its
object. In the example above, "with" is the preposition and "reusable tote" is the object.
Adverbs
a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group,
expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. (e.g., gently, quite,
then, there ).
Direct Object vs. Indirect object
LEP
Limited English Proficient
L1
Native language
L2
Second language
ESL
English as a second language
ESOL
English speakers of other languages
SI
Sheltered Instruction
SIOP
Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol
Phoneme
The smallest unit of sound in a language
Phonology
The study of the sound system of a language
Morpheme
The smallest unit of meaning in a language (word or unit - prefix re in redo, s in cars)
Morphology
The study of how morphemes develop words
Morphemes
a meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided (e.g. in, come, -ing,
forming incoming ).
Syntax
The order in which words occur in a sentence.• Semantics
Semantics
The meaning attached to a linguistic unit (word or phrase)
, Pragmatics
The proper use of a certain type of language for a given situation.
Lexicon
The vocabulary of an individual or topic
Discourse
Interchange of language between speakers
Compound Sentences
Two independent clauses that are joined with a conjunctions such as or, and, but.
Complex Sentences
One independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
Model how to break long sentences into
chunks, interpret chunks, and then sum up the main idea
noun
a word (other than a pronoun) used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things ( common
noun ), or to name a particular one of these ( proper noun )
Predicate
the part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject (e.g., went
home in John went home ).
Verb
Action
Adjectives
Modify or describe the noun
Prepositional Phrases
An example of a prepositional phrase is, "With a reusable tote in hand, Matthew walked to the
farmer's market." Every prepositional phrase is a series of words consisting of a preposition and its
object. In the example above, "with" is the preposition and "reusable tote" is the object.
Adverbs
a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group,
expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. (e.g., gently, quite,
then, there ).
Direct Object vs. Indirect object
