Pharmacology NMP Exam Questions &
Answers 2024/2025
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWERSWhat the body does to the drug. It involves ADME
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWERSWhat the drugs do to the body
Receptor - ANSWERSA protein molecule in a cell membrane
First Pass Metabolism - ANSWERSdrugs absorbed during pass through portal system at liver. this
significantly reduces bioavailability and the amount of active drug that reaches the general circulation
Enterohepatic Recirculation - ANSWERSWhen drugs and metabolites excreted from the liver get
reabsorbed into general circulation from the digestive tract and re-presented to the liver for further
metabolism. e.g. oral contraceptive
Bioavailability - ANSWERSThe amount of an active drug which reaches the systemic circulation
Salbutamol - ANSWERSA b2 adrenoreceptor agonist
Partial Agonist - ANSWERSdrugs that bind to their targets and activate them to produce a response
which is less than we would expect from a full agonist - they have partial efficacy
Inverse Agonists - ANSWERSDrugs that bind to their targets and can reduce normal activity of that
chemical target - they have negative efficacy
Competitive Antagonist - ANSWERSdrugs that bind to chemical targets and prevent activation by the
normal target agent
, Non-Competitive Antagonist - ANSWERSdrugs that do not necessarily bind to the chemical target but
interferes with a chain of events to block target activation e.g. ca2+ channel blockade
first pass effect - ANSWERSThe elimination of drug that occurs before it reaches the systemic circulation
ion channel - ANSWERSa membrane protein that provides a passage way across the cell membrane
through which the ion can diffuse
enzyme - ANSWERSA biological catalyst
adverse drug reaction - ANSWERSResponse to drug that is noxious and unintended and which occurs at
dose normally uses or tested for treatment/prophylaxsis
side effect - ANSWERSreactions to medicine other than the one intended
active glomerular filtration - ANSWERSthe main method of renal elimination - where ionised drugs are
actively secreted into the proximal tubule
2 - ANSWERSnumber of hepatic metabolism phases
albumin - ANSWERSa plasma protein
ADME - ANSWERSAbsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination, the 4 processes of
pharmacokinetics
Enteral routes - ANSWERSOral, Rectal, Sub lingual, buccal
Parenteral Routes - ANSWERSRefer to administration that does not involve the GI tract: Injected, inhaled,
transdermal (through the skin), insufflation (absorbed through mucous membranes; snorting)
agonist - ANSWERSa drug that binds to a receptor and stimulates a response
Answers 2024/2025
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWERSWhat the body does to the drug. It involves ADME
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWERSWhat the drugs do to the body
Receptor - ANSWERSA protein molecule in a cell membrane
First Pass Metabolism - ANSWERSdrugs absorbed during pass through portal system at liver. this
significantly reduces bioavailability and the amount of active drug that reaches the general circulation
Enterohepatic Recirculation - ANSWERSWhen drugs and metabolites excreted from the liver get
reabsorbed into general circulation from the digestive tract and re-presented to the liver for further
metabolism. e.g. oral contraceptive
Bioavailability - ANSWERSThe amount of an active drug which reaches the systemic circulation
Salbutamol - ANSWERSA b2 adrenoreceptor agonist
Partial Agonist - ANSWERSdrugs that bind to their targets and activate them to produce a response
which is less than we would expect from a full agonist - they have partial efficacy
Inverse Agonists - ANSWERSDrugs that bind to their targets and can reduce normal activity of that
chemical target - they have negative efficacy
Competitive Antagonist - ANSWERSdrugs that bind to chemical targets and prevent activation by the
normal target agent
, Non-Competitive Antagonist - ANSWERSdrugs that do not necessarily bind to the chemical target but
interferes with a chain of events to block target activation e.g. ca2+ channel blockade
first pass effect - ANSWERSThe elimination of drug that occurs before it reaches the systemic circulation
ion channel - ANSWERSa membrane protein that provides a passage way across the cell membrane
through which the ion can diffuse
enzyme - ANSWERSA biological catalyst
adverse drug reaction - ANSWERSResponse to drug that is noxious and unintended and which occurs at
dose normally uses or tested for treatment/prophylaxsis
side effect - ANSWERSreactions to medicine other than the one intended
active glomerular filtration - ANSWERSthe main method of renal elimination - where ionised drugs are
actively secreted into the proximal tubule
2 - ANSWERSnumber of hepatic metabolism phases
albumin - ANSWERSa plasma protein
ADME - ANSWERSAbsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination, the 4 processes of
pharmacokinetics
Enteral routes - ANSWERSOral, Rectal, Sub lingual, buccal
Parenteral Routes - ANSWERSRefer to administration that does not involve the GI tract: Injected, inhaled,
transdermal (through the skin), insufflation (absorbed through mucous membranes; snorting)
agonist - ANSWERSa drug that binds to a receptor and stimulates a response
