Nutrition and Metabolism Exam 3 Study Guide (APHY 102) Verified questions and answers

Nutrition and Metabolism Exam 3 Study Guide (APHY 102) Verified questions and answers Where is SGLT1 predominantly expressed? - CORRECT ANSWER-Sodium dependent glucose transporter: brain, heart, enterocytes What are the pathophysiological conditions that affect fructose uptake rate in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fructosuria, hereditary fructose intolerance, and 1-6 biphosphatase deficiency How are nutrient molecules taken in enterocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER-Sugars: Transporters Protein: Broken down into amino acids and absorbed with sodium cotransport Lipids: Broken down into fatty acids and absorbed 4) Which glucose transport system is used for fructose, and where is it expressed in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER-GLUT5, primarily expressed on the apical surface of the small intestine brush border cells, but also at lower levels in testis, kidney, brain, skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue 5) What is primary lactase deficiency? - CORRECT ANSWER-Inherited deficiency in lactase enzyme, lactase decreases as your diet becomes less reliant on milk and dairy products. 6) What is the fate of dietary lipids? How are they digested, absorbed, and transferred in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER-Digested Emulsified by bile salts Degraded into triglycerols by intestinal lipases. Absorbed Resulting fatty acids are taken up by intestinal mucosa and turned into triglycerols. Triglycerols are combined with cholesterol and apoproteins to form chylomicrons Transferred Chylomycrons move through lacteal system to organs and tissues. Lipoprotein lipases activated by apoC II in the capillaries release fatty acids and glycerol Fatty acids enter cells (in image myocytes or adipocytes. Fatty acids are oxidized as fuel or reestrified for storage. How are lipids taken into adipocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER-They are broken down by apoC II into fatty acids before entering via facilitated transport. What is Cori cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER-A little game the muscle and liver play, muscle is working so its using glucose and making lactase as a byproduct, too much lactate is a bad thing so this lactate is shuttled off to the liver (mom!). The liver converts lactate back into pyruvate and turns pyruvate back into glucose via gluconeogenesis, it then sends this glucose back to the muscles so they can continue working.