CLINICAL PLACEMENT FINAL EXAM
Transudates are RICH in protein. (T/F)
FALSE. Transudates are NOT rich in proteins.
What does the presence of fluid in any of the body cavities indicate?
Disease/pathological process.
Define a dialysate fluid.
Peritoneal fluid from a patient undergoing renal dialysis.
What effect does the addition of heparin to a serous fluid specimen have?
Prevents clotting.
Specific gravity of a transudate.
1.005 to 1.015
Cytologically, what is the background appearance of a transudate?
Clear background.
What disease process would NOT cause a transudate?
Regional inflammation.
Formula for cytologic sensitivity test
True positives/ (true positives + false negatives)
The presence of a foreign body would most likely cause a (transudate/exudate).
EXUDATE
Exudates have a tendency to clot. (T/F)
TRUE.
Fat vacoules in histiocytes (LIPID-LADEN MACS) are seen in an effusion. What does this indicate?
There is a destruction of tissue.
Cytologic examination of a pleural effusion revealed giant macrophages and epithelioid cells in a
background of degenerate leukocytes and granular debris. What does this presentation indicate?
Rheumatoid arthritis.
The cells in an effusion from a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis would most likely be confused
with?
Small cell lymhoma
The antigen retrieval technique which is performed on processed paraffin sections is achieved by?
,Heating the paraffin sections at a high temperature.
Mesothelial cells are PAS neg. (T/F)
TRUE.
What inflammatory cells are most predominant in long standing effusions?
Lymphocytes.
Appearance of a chylous fluid?
Milky white
A pleural effusion has been drawn late in the afternoon and will not be delivered to the cytology
laboratory until the next morning. To keep the specimen in optimum condition for cytologic and
ancillary studies what actions should be taken?
Store the specimen unfixed in a refrigerator.
Detached ciliary tufts periodically encountered in peritoneal wash most likely originate from?
A physiologic process occurring in the fallopian tubes.
What portion of the cell diameter does the nucleus of mesothelial cell typically occupy?
One-half.
Name for pleura covering the lungs.
Visceral pleura
Characteristic cytologic findings in effusions associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
Breakdown of collagen.
Cytologic specificity formula
True negatives/ (true negatives + false positives)
What would cause a false negative result in immunocytochemical staining?
Omission of one or more antibodies.
Most common cause of a pleural effusion excluding malignancy.
Congestive heart failure.
A peritoneal fluid the presence of small active columnar cells embedded in mucous may indicate the
presence of?
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Cul-de-sac aspirations give the best yield for the diagnosis of?
Ovarian neoplasms
, Tannery workers have an increased incidence in malignant mesothelioma. (T/F).
FALSE.
What is the significance of the presence of large numbers of squamous cells in an effusion?
Most likely indicative of squamous carcinoma.
Which syndrome shows ovarian fibromas associated with a pleural effusions?
Meig's syndrome
What are the most common malignancies encountered in effusions in children?
Lymphoma/leukemias
Carcinomatous mesothelioma is rarely associated with pleural effusions. (T/F)
FALSE. It's commonly associated with pleural effusions.
Most common ovarian carcinoma seen in peritoneal fluids.
Serous cyst adenocarcinoma
What could a viscous pleural effusion indicate?
Malignant mesothelioma
In effusions, a monomorphic population of single mono-nucleated cells showing prominent nucleoli
and tongue like projections on the nuclei is most consistent with?
Large cell lymphoma.
Effusion that appears milky or chylous indicates
A high content of emulsified lipid
Most suitable anticoagulant for bloody fluids for cytologic examination
Heparin
What condition would most likely cause a pleural effusion with cytologic evidence of tissue
destruction?
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Corneal cells look similar to
Intermediate squamous cells
Normal conjunctiva l cells looks similar to
Endocervical cells
Most common malignant tumor of the eye to affect adults.
Malignant melanoma
Transudates are RICH in protein. (T/F)
FALSE. Transudates are NOT rich in proteins.
What does the presence of fluid in any of the body cavities indicate?
Disease/pathological process.
Define a dialysate fluid.
Peritoneal fluid from a patient undergoing renal dialysis.
What effect does the addition of heparin to a serous fluid specimen have?
Prevents clotting.
Specific gravity of a transudate.
1.005 to 1.015
Cytologically, what is the background appearance of a transudate?
Clear background.
What disease process would NOT cause a transudate?
Regional inflammation.
Formula for cytologic sensitivity test
True positives/ (true positives + false negatives)
The presence of a foreign body would most likely cause a (transudate/exudate).
EXUDATE
Exudates have a tendency to clot. (T/F)
TRUE.
Fat vacoules in histiocytes (LIPID-LADEN MACS) are seen in an effusion. What does this indicate?
There is a destruction of tissue.
Cytologic examination of a pleural effusion revealed giant macrophages and epithelioid cells in a
background of degenerate leukocytes and granular debris. What does this presentation indicate?
Rheumatoid arthritis.
The cells in an effusion from a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis would most likely be confused
with?
Small cell lymhoma
The antigen retrieval technique which is performed on processed paraffin sections is achieved by?
,Heating the paraffin sections at a high temperature.
Mesothelial cells are PAS neg. (T/F)
TRUE.
What inflammatory cells are most predominant in long standing effusions?
Lymphocytes.
Appearance of a chylous fluid?
Milky white
A pleural effusion has been drawn late in the afternoon and will not be delivered to the cytology
laboratory until the next morning. To keep the specimen in optimum condition for cytologic and
ancillary studies what actions should be taken?
Store the specimen unfixed in a refrigerator.
Detached ciliary tufts periodically encountered in peritoneal wash most likely originate from?
A physiologic process occurring in the fallopian tubes.
What portion of the cell diameter does the nucleus of mesothelial cell typically occupy?
One-half.
Name for pleura covering the lungs.
Visceral pleura
Characteristic cytologic findings in effusions associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
Breakdown of collagen.
Cytologic specificity formula
True negatives/ (true negatives + false positives)
What would cause a false negative result in immunocytochemical staining?
Omission of one or more antibodies.
Most common cause of a pleural effusion excluding malignancy.
Congestive heart failure.
A peritoneal fluid the presence of small active columnar cells embedded in mucous may indicate the
presence of?
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Cul-de-sac aspirations give the best yield for the diagnosis of?
Ovarian neoplasms
, Tannery workers have an increased incidence in malignant mesothelioma. (T/F).
FALSE.
What is the significance of the presence of large numbers of squamous cells in an effusion?
Most likely indicative of squamous carcinoma.
Which syndrome shows ovarian fibromas associated with a pleural effusions?
Meig's syndrome
What are the most common malignancies encountered in effusions in children?
Lymphoma/leukemias
Carcinomatous mesothelioma is rarely associated with pleural effusions. (T/F)
FALSE. It's commonly associated with pleural effusions.
Most common ovarian carcinoma seen in peritoneal fluids.
Serous cyst adenocarcinoma
What could a viscous pleural effusion indicate?
Malignant mesothelioma
In effusions, a monomorphic population of single mono-nucleated cells showing prominent nucleoli
and tongue like projections on the nuclei is most consistent with?
Large cell lymphoma.
Effusion that appears milky or chylous indicates
A high content of emulsified lipid
Most suitable anticoagulant for bloody fluids for cytologic examination
Heparin
What condition would most likely cause a pleural effusion with cytologic evidence of tissue
destruction?
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Corneal cells look similar to
Intermediate squamous cells
Normal conjunctiva l cells looks similar to
Endocervical cells
Most common malignant tumor of the eye to affect adults.
Malignant melanoma
