PHARM COMPLETE COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADE A+ NEWEST 2024
UPDATE
Digitalis Gycosides
The most common type of drug used in the treatment of heart failure.
What is the prototype drug of digitalis gycosides?
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Diuretics often used in treatment of heart failure can produce _____________
Hypokalemia - this can predispose a patient to serious arrhythmias.
The ______ node in the _______ atrium has the fastest rate of depolarization and
directs other cells of the heart.
sinoatrial (SA) node, right atrium
In a normally functioning heart, the bundle of his receives its electrical input from
the _____ node
AV node
____________ should be made available to the dental team for treatment of acute
anginal attack.
Nitroglycerine (NTG)
What are the drug interactions for Nitroglycerine (NTG)?
sildenafil (Viagra)
vardenafil (Levitra)
tadalafil (Cialis)
Because the combination can cause dangerously low bp
What are the cardiovascular disease contraindications to dental treatment?
1. Acute or recent myocardial infraction (within 3-6 months)
2. Unstable or recent onset of angina pectoris
3. Uncontrolled CHF
4. Uncontrolled arrythmias
5. Significant, uncontrolled hypertension
What is a cardiac pacemaker?
An electrical device implanted in a patients chest to regular the heart rhythm.
Do a cardiac pacemaker require antibiotic prophylaxis?
No
, How is periodontal disease related to cardiovascular disease?
Studies show that the presence of periodontal disease predicts an increase in morbidity
and mortality resulting from cardiovascular disease
If the right side of the heart fails...
then the right ventricle is unable to remove blood from the right side of the heart
If the left side of the heart fails...
blood will back up into the pulmonary circulation (lungs)
Which side of the heart usually fails first?
left side
Prophylactic nitrates should be given a ____________ hour "vacation" every day.
8-12 hour - usually during sleep
Calcium Channel Blockers may be used in the treatment of...
Angina
Cardiac arrhythmias
Hypertension
What side effects are associated with Nifedipine?
gingival enlargement and dysgeusia
One can prevent an attack of angina pectoris by administering what?
nitrous oxide
What is the most common cardiovascular disease?
hypertension
What is a normal bp for someone on antihypertensive agents?
less than 120/80mmHg
What is an elevated bp for someone on antihypertensive agents?
120-129/less than 80mmHg
What is hypertension stage 1?
130/80 to 139/89
What is hypertension stage 2?
Greater than/equal to 140 to greater than/equal to 90mmHg
What are some adverse reactions for the diuretic agent, Thiazide?
hypokalemia and hyperuricemia.
Eating _____ when taking thiazide diuretics will replenish potassium
bananas
What is the most important dental drug interaction with thiazide diuretic?
NSAIDs
What is the most commonly used loop diuretic?
furosemide (Lasix)
It can be used when rapid diuresis is required.
Which type of drugs has the suffix -pril?
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs)
What type of drug retards the progression of diabetic nephropathy whether
hypertension is present or not?
ACEIs (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors)
What are the adverse reactions and dental drug interactions with ACEIs
(Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors)?
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADE A+ NEWEST 2024
UPDATE
Digitalis Gycosides
The most common type of drug used in the treatment of heart failure.
What is the prototype drug of digitalis gycosides?
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Diuretics often used in treatment of heart failure can produce _____________
Hypokalemia - this can predispose a patient to serious arrhythmias.
The ______ node in the _______ atrium has the fastest rate of depolarization and
directs other cells of the heart.
sinoatrial (SA) node, right atrium
In a normally functioning heart, the bundle of his receives its electrical input from
the _____ node
AV node
____________ should be made available to the dental team for treatment of acute
anginal attack.
Nitroglycerine (NTG)
What are the drug interactions for Nitroglycerine (NTG)?
sildenafil (Viagra)
vardenafil (Levitra)
tadalafil (Cialis)
Because the combination can cause dangerously low bp
What are the cardiovascular disease contraindications to dental treatment?
1. Acute or recent myocardial infraction (within 3-6 months)
2. Unstable or recent onset of angina pectoris
3. Uncontrolled CHF
4. Uncontrolled arrythmias
5. Significant, uncontrolled hypertension
What is a cardiac pacemaker?
An electrical device implanted in a patients chest to regular the heart rhythm.
Do a cardiac pacemaker require antibiotic prophylaxis?
No
, How is periodontal disease related to cardiovascular disease?
Studies show that the presence of periodontal disease predicts an increase in morbidity
and mortality resulting from cardiovascular disease
If the right side of the heart fails...
then the right ventricle is unable to remove blood from the right side of the heart
If the left side of the heart fails...
blood will back up into the pulmonary circulation (lungs)
Which side of the heart usually fails first?
left side
Prophylactic nitrates should be given a ____________ hour "vacation" every day.
8-12 hour - usually during sleep
Calcium Channel Blockers may be used in the treatment of...
Angina
Cardiac arrhythmias
Hypertension
What side effects are associated with Nifedipine?
gingival enlargement and dysgeusia
One can prevent an attack of angina pectoris by administering what?
nitrous oxide
What is the most common cardiovascular disease?
hypertension
What is a normal bp for someone on antihypertensive agents?
less than 120/80mmHg
What is an elevated bp for someone on antihypertensive agents?
120-129/less than 80mmHg
What is hypertension stage 1?
130/80 to 139/89
What is hypertension stage 2?
Greater than/equal to 140 to greater than/equal to 90mmHg
What are some adverse reactions for the diuretic agent, Thiazide?
hypokalemia and hyperuricemia.
Eating _____ when taking thiazide diuretics will replenish potassium
bananas
What is the most important dental drug interaction with thiazide diuretic?
NSAIDs
What is the most commonly used loop diuretic?
furosemide (Lasix)
It can be used when rapid diuresis is required.
Which type of drugs has the suffix -pril?
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs)
What type of drug retards the progression of diabetic nephropathy whether
hypertension is present or not?
ACEIs (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors)
What are the adverse reactions and dental drug interactions with ACEIs
(Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors)?
