CGSC 1001 2024 UPDATE COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS\COMPLETE
EXAM PREPARATION GRADE A+
What are representations?
Something that is used in place of the real thing. Sometimes there's not even a real
thing
What is distributed cognition?
Distributed among several things. No one person/entity has all the information. Like the
brain where there's a bunch of different parts that all serve different functions(although
that doesn't mean that its distributed cognition or else everything would be. Ex. a person
constructing a house writes where stuff is supposed to go using a blueprint. Note its not
using a tool(using a map to get around somewhere is not distributed
cognition)(understanding vs using). Both things should be interacting with each other
What is disembodied software?
Software running somewhere but the body doesn't matter(probably in a server room).
Ex. Amazon's recommendation system. Perceives user input and updates its database.
Then displays something to the user's screen based on its database
What are (cognitive) artifacts?
Man-made things that seem to aid or enhance our cognitive abilities. Some examples
are calendars, calculators, whiteboards, to-do lists, computers, or simply tying a string
around your finger as a reminder
What do robots use to perceive things?
Sensors
What do robots use to do actions?
Actuators
What do animals use to perceive things?
Senses
What do animals use to do actions?
Body
What do actions do?
Turns desires to act into physical changes in the environment
What does perception do?
Transforms things in the environment into internal representationsWhat is an
interdiscipline? Bunch of fields coming together to work on a problem
"Which is an example of distributed cognition? a) An architect student doodling
on a page. b) A construction worker writing notes on a blueprint to construct a
house. c) A student browsing reddit on his computer."
b
, "You and your homeboy go on a field trip to Great Britain but you remember
eating on the plane and he doesn't. What kind of memory is this? - Semantic
Memory. - Episodic Memory - Implicit Knowledge"
episodic memory
What is learning?
changing memory with the purpose of preparing a system for better action in the future
What is practice?
Doing something over and over and learning how to do it better. It uses reinforcement
and punishment to hone the skill. Play is theorized to be a form of practice for the
future(chasing, fighting, caretaking, manipulating objects, etc.)
What is automation?
Things that you practice so much that they become automatic, with you being able to
perform them with little to no thought. Examples of this is walking, driving, breathing,
tying shoes and motor skills
What is observational learning?
Learning that happens by observing another individual do something. E.g. copying
michael jackson dance moves on youtube. Must of cultural learning is observational bt
some is explicitly taught. Some have tried to get robots to do this
What is sensitization?
When a behavioral response is amplified by repeated exposure to a stimulus. Ex. at first
you can barely hear a vibrating phone in your pocket but eventually you become very
sensitive to it
What is habituation?
The diminution of a behavioral response with repeated stimulation. Ex. the first time you
hear a loud noise you might jump but afterwards you stop jumping(if it happens again).
When you see things again and again you don't react as strongly to it. (also known as
desensitization)
What is imprinting?
A time sensitive learning in an animal that is insensitive to behavioral outcomes. E.g. a
goose learning who its mother is happens 13-16 hours after hatching. You can't change
it once it's there. Imprinting lasts forever
What is memory?
the faculty of the brain by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved
when needed. It is the retention of information over time for the purpose of influencing
future action
What is short term memory?
Short term memory is a temporary store. Some things from it end up becoming long
term memories. STM holds things you are actively thinking about
What is sensory memory?
Like a sketch pad(for vision) or a bit of recording tape(for hearing) that can be
overwritten with new things. Processes info gathered through the five senses
How long does sensory memory hold things?
It is rewritten every few seconds by new perceptions
What is long term memory?
Things in long term memory are probably stored here forever. However we might have
trouble with retrieving it
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS\COMPLETE
EXAM PREPARATION GRADE A+
What are representations?
Something that is used in place of the real thing. Sometimes there's not even a real
thing
What is distributed cognition?
Distributed among several things. No one person/entity has all the information. Like the
brain where there's a bunch of different parts that all serve different functions(although
that doesn't mean that its distributed cognition or else everything would be. Ex. a person
constructing a house writes where stuff is supposed to go using a blueprint. Note its not
using a tool(using a map to get around somewhere is not distributed
cognition)(understanding vs using). Both things should be interacting with each other
What is disembodied software?
Software running somewhere but the body doesn't matter(probably in a server room).
Ex. Amazon's recommendation system. Perceives user input and updates its database.
Then displays something to the user's screen based on its database
What are (cognitive) artifacts?
Man-made things that seem to aid or enhance our cognitive abilities. Some examples
are calendars, calculators, whiteboards, to-do lists, computers, or simply tying a string
around your finger as a reminder
What do robots use to perceive things?
Sensors
What do robots use to do actions?
Actuators
What do animals use to perceive things?
Senses
What do animals use to do actions?
Body
What do actions do?
Turns desires to act into physical changes in the environment
What does perception do?
Transforms things in the environment into internal representationsWhat is an
interdiscipline? Bunch of fields coming together to work on a problem
"Which is an example of distributed cognition? a) An architect student doodling
on a page. b) A construction worker writing notes on a blueprint to construct a
house. c) A student browsing reddit on his computer."
b
, "You and your homeboy go on a field trip to Great Britain but you remember
eating on the plane and he doesn't. What kind of memory is this? - Semantic
Memory. - Episodic Memory - Implicit Knowledge"
episodic memory
What is learning?
changing memory with the purpose of preparing a system for better action in the future
What is practice?
Doing something over and over and learning how to do it better. It uses reinforcement
and punishment to hone the skill. Play is theorized to be a form of practice for the
future(chasing, fighting, caretaking, manipulating objects, etc.)
What is automation?
Things that you practice so much that they become automatic, with you being able to
perform them with little to no thought. Examples of this is walking, driving, breathing,
tying shoes and motor skills
What is observational learning?
Learning that happens by observing another individual do something. E.g. copying
michael jackson dance moves on youtube. Must of cultural learning is observational bt
some is explicitly taught. Some have tried to get robots to do this
What is sensitization?
When a behavioral response is amplified by repeated exposure to a stimulus. Ex. at first
you can barely hear a vibrating phone in your pocket but eventually you become very
sensitive to it
What is habituation?
The diminution of a behavioral response with repeated stimulation. Ex. the first time you
hear a loud noise you might jump but afterwards you stop jumping(if it happens again).
When you see things again and again you don't react as strongly to it. (also known as
desensitization)
What is imprinting?
A time sensitive learning in an animal that is insensitive to behavioral outcomes. E.g. a
goose learning who its mother is happens 13-16 hours after hatching. You can't change
it once it's there. Imprinting lasts forever
What is memory?
the faculty of the brain by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved
when needed. It is the retention of information over time for the purpose of influencing
future action
What is short term memory?
Short term memory is a temporary store. Some things from it end up becoming long
term memories. STM holds things you are actively thinking about
What is sensory memory?
Like a sketch pad(for vision) or a bit of recording tape(for hearing) that can be
overwritten with new things. Processes info gathered through the five senses
How long does sensory memory hold things?
It is rewritten every few seconds by new perceptions
What is long term memory?
Things in long term memory are probably stored here forever. However we might have
trouble with retrieving it
