Psychology 104 Midterm 1 Exam Questions With 100% Correct!!

psychology - Answer-scientific study of behaviour and the mind behaviour - Answer-directly observable activity ex) actions, responses, etc. mind - Answer-internal states and mental processes ex) thinking, motivation, etc. goals of psychology - Answer-1. describe behaviour and the mind 2. explain causes of behaviours 3. predict behaviours 4. control behaviours under certain conditions empirical - Answer-gained through experience and observation folk psychology - Answer-commonly held beliefs the average person has about people, psychological processes, and behaviour relies on observation and anecdotal evidence can be correct but not reliable confirmation bias - Answer-selectively looking for evidence that confirms your prior beliefs mind body interaction - Answer-the relations between mental processes in the brain and the functioning of other bodily systems The body affects the mind and vice versa. ex) drinking coffee makes you anxious.Associated with monism. mind-body dualism - Answer-Belief that the mind is a spiritual entity that is not subject to the same physical laws that govern the body (therefore cannot be scientifically studied) Science works to study body but not mind. monism - Answer-The mind is a product of the same physical events that affect our body (e.g. neurotransmitters, etc.) and as such can be studied like the rest of the natural world Thoughts are related to physical and chemical changes. structuralism - Answer-Focuses on the structure of thought. Focuses on basic elements of consciousness (objective/subjective sensations) Relies on introspection. Trained experts were put in a lab and their reactions to stimulus were observed. Ex) playing piano notes and observing subject's reactions. Wundt () established first psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany (1879) Tichener () brought Wundt's ideas to America functionalism - Answer-Focuses on the function and purpose of thought instead of structure. Ex) How mental/behavioural processes help us adapt, survive, etc. Reaction to Structuralsim Influenced by Darwin's theoryof evolutionary James () wrote first psychology 'textbook' (1890) psychodynamic - Answer-Role of unconscious in shaping behaviour -unconscious desires/motives -unresolved past conflicts Expanded study/treatment of psychological disorders • Freud () focused on how things we are unaware of make us act certain ways Behaviorism - Answer-Focuses on behaviour only because can be studied objectively unlike mental events. • Therefore, study only behaviour • Behaviour affected by environment (control behaviour by altering environment) • Behaviour modification therapy, reward someone to make them do something and punish them if you don't want them to do something. • Skinner () so that you are rewarded for something society wants you to do (going to work on time) and punished whn exhibiting innaporporiate behaviour (arrested for crimes)