Wellness Exam Two With Complete Solutions
Graded A+
What skin changes are noted in the elderly?
loses elasticity
folds & sags
thin, lax, dry
epidermis thins & flattens
Xeroxis vs. Pruritus
Xerosis is dry
Pruritus is itching that occurs with dry skin, allergies,aging, etc.
Alopecia vs. Hirsutism
Alopecia is a significant loss of hair; full head of hair
Hirsutism is shaggy or excessive hair
Vitligo vs.Chloasma vs. Impetigo
Vitiligo- autoimmune, patches of skin lost their pigment
Chloasma- from pregnancy or sun exposure; darker skin patches on face
Impetigo- thin vesicles that rupture & form a crust (highly contagious)
What are skin signs of dehydration?
mucous membranes are dry, lips look parched &cracked, skin may be fissured
Where do you assess skin turgor in infants? Adults?
adults is under the clavicle
infants is the abdomen
Macule vs. papule vs. Patch & Bulla
Macule: color change, flat "freckle" less than 1cm
papule: something you can feel, epidermis thickening
patch: macula's larger than 1 cm
Bulla: larger than 1cm, thin blister, unilocular
Nodule vs. Pustule vs. Vesicle vs. Tumor
nodule: solid, elevated, hard, bigger than 1 cm
pustule: elevated, pus filled
vesicle: elevated with free fluid up to 1cm, blister
tumor: larger than a few cm, firm or soft, into dermis
, where do you assess for jaundice? what does it look like?
Yellowing of skin
look in the sclera , palms, soles, forehead
petechiae vs. cherry angiomas vs. hemangiomas
petechiae: pinpoint round spots caused by bleeding
cherry angiomas: 1-5mm slightly raised bright red dots
hemangiomas: birthmark made of extra blood vessels in skin
what are the stages of pressure injuries?
1: skin intact, red, non-blanchable
2: loss of epidermis, exposed dermis; open blister
3: full thickness skin loss; subcutaneous tissue is visible, resembles crater
4: extends into tissues, exposes muscle, bone, tendon
What is Pruritus? Urticaria?
Pruritus: itchy skin from allergies, reaction, etc.
urticaria: causes itchy welts
what are the two fontanels you are born with? Where are they located and when do they close?
soft spots that allow growth of brain
Triangle shaped Posterior: 1-2 mo
Diamond shaped Anterior: 9mo-2yrs
names and locations of salivary glands. Which are palpable?
parotid
submandibular: palpable
sublingual: palpable
what changes occur on the face & neck as you age?
facial bones are more prominent
lower face may look smaller if teeth are missing
temporal arteries may be twisted
kyphosis & inward neck curve
tremors
acromegaly
enlarged skull & thickened cranial bones
enlarged extremities
myxedema
hypothyroidism
puffy face, especially around eyes
dry skin
Graded A+
What skin changes are noted in the elderly?
loses elasticity
folds & sags
thin, lax, dry
epidermis thins & flattens
Xeroxis vs. Pruritus
Xerosis is dry
Pruritus is itching that occurs with dry skin, allergies,aging, etc.
Alopecia vs. Hirsutism
Alopecia is a significant loss of hair; full head of hair
Hirsutism is shaggy or excessive hair
Vitligo vs.Chloasma vs. Impetigo
Vitiligo- autoimmune, patches of skin lost their pigment
Chloasma- from pregnancy or sun exposure; darker skin patches on face
Impetigo- thin vesicles that rupture & form a crust (highly contagious)
What are skin signs of dehydration?
mucous membranes are dry, lips look parched &cracked, skin may be fissured
Where do you assess skin turgor in infants? Adults?
adults is under the clavicle
infants is the abdomen
Macule vs. papule vs. Patch & Bulla
Macule: color change, flat "freckle" less than 1cm
papule: something you can feel, epidermis thickening
patch: macula's larger than 1 cm
Bulla: larger than 1cm, thin blister, unilocular
Nodule vs. Pustule vs. Vesicle vs. Tumor
nodule: solid, elevated, hard, bigger than 1 cm
pustule: elevated, pus filled
vesicle: elevated with free fluid up to 1cm, blister
tumor: larger than a few cm, firm or soft, into dermis
, where do you assess for jaundice? what does it look like?
Yellowing of skin
look in the sclera , palms, soles, forehead
petechiae vs. cherry angiomas vs. hemangiomas
petechiae: pinpoint round spots caused by bleeding
cherry angiomas: 1-5mm slightly raised bright red dots
hemangiomas: birthmark made of extra blood vessels in skin
what are the stages of pressure injuries?
1: skin intact, red, non-blanchable
2: loss of epidermis, exposed dermis; open blister
3: full thickness skin loss; subcutaneous tissue is visible, resembles crater
4: extends into tissues, exposes muscle, bone, tendon
What is Pruritus? Urticaria?
Pruritus: itchy skin from allergies, reaction, etc.
urticaria: causes itchy welts
what are the two fontanels you are born with? Where are they located and when do they close?
soft spots that allow growth of brain
Triangle shaped Posterior: 1-2 mo
Diamond shaped Anterior: 9mo-2yrs
names and locations of salivary glands. Which are palpable?
parotid
submandibular: palpable
sublingual: palpable
what changes occur on the face & neck as you age?
facial bones are more prominent
lower face may look smaller if teeth are missing
temporal arteries may be twisted
kyphosis & inward neck curve
tremors
acromegaly
enlarged skull & thickened cranial bones
enlarged extremities
myxedema
hypothyroidism
puffy face, especially around eyes
dry skin
