Advanced Pathophysiology NURS 5315 Test 2
natural immunity
immunity that we are born with
Natural Immunity barriers
skin, mucus membrane, natural killer cells, protein
What protiens are associated with our natural immunity barriers?
Cytokines and complements
Phagocytic cells
Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells
Neutraphils
Associated with acute inflammation
macrophages
cells formed from monocytes that leave the blood stream
Dendritic cells
engulfs antigens in the epithelial, gi trac, and respiratory tract
Antigen Presenting cells (APC)
dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells
What do the antigen presenting cells do?
engulf antigens and present fragments of antigens to T cells for recognition
Complement cells
form membrane attack complex and are able to lyse pathogen membranes
acquired immunity
Immunity that is present only after exposure and is specific.
Which immunity type is vaccinations based on?
acquired immunity
passive aquired immunity
antibodies are given to a recipient to provide immunity
What type of immunity is used to treat rabies, tetanus, hepatitis, and snake bites?
Passive immunity
,how long does passive immunity last?
2 weeks
humoral immunity
B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity
What type of immunity takes care of viral infections, toxin induced disease, and disease caused by
pneumococci, meningococci, haemophilus?
Humoral Immunity
cell-mediated immunity
T- Cells
What does cell mediated immunity help protect against?
cancer, fungus, parasites, tumors, is responsible for organ transplant rejection
What organs are involved in the immune system response?
bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, peyer patches
Bone marrow
responsible for production of immune cells & maturation of B cells
Thymus
site where t cells differentiate, mature and select.
spleen
lymphoid organ; red pulp is where RBCs are stored and turned over. White pulp is where immune
cells interact
What type of infection is a person with their spleen affected more suspectable to?
streptococcal bacteria
T cell differentiation
cells express antigens on cell membrane called "cluster of differentiation" or CD
CD4 cells are also known as
T helper cells
how do the CD4 help initiate the immune response?
Cells release lymphokines
What are the two subgroups of CD4 cells?
TH1 and TH2
, Cd8 cells
cytotxic t-cells or killer Ts, T8 cells
How do CD8 cells function
they kill virus infected cells, tumor cells, allograft cells (transplant tissue) through release of cytotoxic
chemicals that destroy the cell membrane
Memory T Cells
Remember antigen and quickly stimulate immune response on reexposure
T regulatory cells
regulate the immune response to avoid attacking "self"
Activation of T cells
Antigen enters host- Macrophage then engulfs antigen-- antigen expressed on the MHC class II- it
secretes IL 1 in order to attract CD4 cells- CD4 differentiates into th1 and th2- th1 releases IL2-
acivated cytotoxic t cells (TC)- TC receptor connects with MHC class I receptor on invader- cytotixic
chenicals relseased- invader killed- TH2 releases IL4- activates the humoral immune system
Humoral immune response
The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the
production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses in body fluids.
IgG
Most prominent immunoglobulin; primary antibody in the secondary immune response; only immune
globulin that crosses the placenta
What does IgG bind to
viruses, bacteria, and toxins
IgE
Binds to mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils
IgE is involved in
parasite immunity and allergies
IgM
main immune globulin produced early in immune response
A high level of what immune globulin indicates recent infection?
IgM
IgA
natural immunity
immunity that we are born with
Natural Immunity barriers
skin, mucus membrane, natural killer cells, protein
What protiens are associated with our natural immunity barriers?
Cytokines and complements
Phagocytic cells
Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells
Neutraphils
Associated with acute inflammation
macrophages
cells formed from monocytes that leave the blood stream
Dendritic cells
engulfs antigens in the epithelial, gi trac, and respiratory tract
Antigen Presenting cells (APC)
dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells
What do the antigen presenting cells do?
engulf antigens and present fragments of antigens to T cells for recognition
Complement cells
form membrane attack complex and are able to lyse pathogen membranes
acquired immunity
Immunity that is present only after exposure and is specific.
Which immunity type is vaccinations based on?
acquired immunity
passive aquired immunity
antibodies are given to a recipient to provide immunity
What type of immunity is used to treat rabies, tetanus, hepatitis, and snake bites?
Passive immunity
,how long does passive immunity last?
2 weeks
humoral immunity
B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity
What type of immunity takes care of viral infections, toxin induced disease, and disease caused by
pneumococci, meningococci, haemophilus?
Humoral Immunity
cell-mediated immunity
T- Cells
What does cell mediated immunity help protect against?
cancer, fungus, parasites, tumors, is responsible for organ transplant rejection
What organs are involved in the immune system response?
bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, peyer patches
Bone marrow
responsible for production of immune cells & maturation of B cells
Thymus
site where t cells differentiate, mature and select.
spleen
lymphoid organ; red pulp is where RBCs are stored and turned over. White pulp is where immune
cells interact
What type of infection is a person with their spleen affected more suspectable to?
streptococcal bacteria
T cell differentiation
cells express antigens on cell membrane called "cluster of differentiation" or CD
CD4 cells are also known as
T helper cells
how do the CD4 help initiate the immune response?
Cells release lymphokines
What are the two subgroups of CD4 cells?
TH1 and TH2
, Cd8 cells
cytotxic t-cells or killer Ts, T8 cells
How do CD8 cells function
they kill virus infected cells, tumor cells, allograft cells (transplant tissue) through release of cytotoxic
chemicals that destroy the cell membrane
Memory T Cells
Remember antigen and quickly stimulate immune response on reexposure
T regulatory cells
regulate the immune response to avoid attacking "self"
Activation of T cells
Antigen enters host- Macrophage then engulfs antigen-- antigen expressed on the MHC class II- it
secretes IL 1 in order to attract CD4 cells- CD4 differentiates into th1 and th2- th1 releases IL2-
acivated cytotoxic t cells (TC)- TC receptor connects with MHC class I receptor on invader- cytotixic
chenicals relseased- invader killed- TH2 releases IL4- activates the humoral immune system
Humoral immune response
The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the
production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses in body fluids.
IgG
Most prominent immunoglobulin; primary antibody in the secondary immune response; only immune
globulin that crosses the placenta
What does IgG bind to
viruses, bacteria, and toxins
IgE
Binds to mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils
IgE is involved in
parasite immunity and allergies
IgM
main immune globulin produced early in immune response
A high level of what immune globulin indicates recent infection?
IgM
IgA
