NES Elementary Education Subtest 1 Questions and Answers Latest | Graded A+.

NES Elementary Education Subtest 1 Questions and Answers Latest | Graded A+. the tools of communication children use to form their understanding of the word reading, writing, listening, and speaking Competency 1 demonstrate an understanding of the foundations of language development, oral language skills, listening comprehension skills, and phonological and phonemic awareness. Informal conversations Time to talk about things that interest and excite children. Language play Exploring rhythms, sounds, and tones that young children delight in as they work and play. Rhymes and song Experiences rich in rhythm and rhyme encourage children to play with words. Stories Children discover new words and meanings as they listen to good stories — either told or read aloud. NES Elementary Education Subtest 1 Questions and Answers Latest | Graded A+ Group talk Times during the day when conventions of shared conversations are learned and practiced. Because this entire period between birth and the early elementary school years helps prepare children with the skills important for conventional literacy, we refer to this critical stage of language development as _____ _____. Emergent Literacy The key is to make reading and writing _____ to the everyday life of the classroom and to make literacy activities _____ to each child. fundamental, relevant _____ and _____ to what the children have to say and they will learn to do the same. listen, respond LEA Language Experience Approach Dictated Stories LEA alliteration use of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable in a line of verse language delay There are many factors that cause language delay, both environmental and physical. Common conditions include inadequate language stimulation (neither talking to nor playing with the child); delayed general development; parents/guardians or siblings who often talk for the child; medical and physical problems; family history of language delay; learning disabilities; and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). ASD Autism Spectrum Disorders Listening can be described as part of an active communication process that involves _____, _____, and _____ to verbal input. receiving, interpreting, responding The three steps in the listening process are _____, _____, and _____ meaning. receiving, attending, assigning meaning Students can be given opportunities to develop and practice listening skills during three phases of the listening process: _____, _____ and _____ . pre-listening, during listening, after listening discriminative listening distinguishing beginning consonant sounds, for example aesthetic listening for enjoyment critical listening to evaluate a message efferent listening to understand a message phonological the study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and classification of its phonemes phoneme (linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language Phonological awareness an understanding that words are composed of sound units and that sound units can be combined to form words. graphemes a written symbol that is used to represent speech orthography a method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols Phonological awareness the awareness that language is composed of sounds and the understanding of the relationship of these sounds, such as rhyming and identifying sound units such as words in sentences, syllables, onsets, and rimes. A ______ is a basic unit of speech sounds that can be divided into two parts—onsets and rimes. syllable onset the consonant sound that precedes the vowel of the syllable rime the vowel and any consonant sound that follows the onset. Phonemic Awareness refers to the ability to focus on, hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes, or the individual sounds that make up spoken words. Phoneme segmentation is a child's ability to recognize the separate sound units of words phoneme blending is a child's ability to string together phonemes in a meaningful way to create words. Standard American English contains about _____ basic phonemes, although differences in regional pronunciation and dialect can generate more. 42 One would expect that since there are 26 letters in the alphabet that there would be only _____ phonemes. 26 Phoneme isolation —recognizing the individual sounds in words. For example, "Tell me the first sound you hear in the word top (/t/)." Phoneme identity— recognizing the common sound in different words. For example, "Tell me the sound that is the same in pig, pot, and pie (/p/)." Phoneme substitution— turning one word into another by substituting one phoneme for another. Phoneme substitution can take place for initial sounds (top-mop), middle sounds (toptap) or ending sounds (top-tot). Oral segmenting— identifying the individual sounds of a word. For example, knowing that the word top is composed of the phonemes /t/, /o/, and /p/. Oral blending— being able to blend phonemes into words. For example, if the teacher says the phonemes /t/, /o/, /p/, the children respond with the word top. Phoneme deletion— being able to identify a sound that has been deleted from a word. For example, the teacher says the word top and asks the children to repeat it. Then he or she instructs the children to repeat the word without a sound. _____ _____ _____ is a term used to characterize the knowledge that emergent readers have about how printed language works and how print can be used to represent language. Concepts of print Concepts of print are fundamental understandings important to becoming literate and include literacy conventions such as Holding a book the right way Turning the pages from right to left Knowing where to begin reading on a page Moving one's eyes from left to right and then to going back to the beginning of the next line down Knowing that pages are read from top to bottom Understanding that books have a front and back Teachers can promote emergent literacy skills when they: Model what readers do when they read a text aloud. Point to words as they read. Explain what the punctuation is for. Encourage students to take part in the reading activity (pointing to the words, or turning the pages). _____ _____ _____, the idea that written letters and letter patterns can be used to represent speech sounds. the alphabetic principle Learn letter names. Children learn letter names by singing songs and by reciting rhymes. They also learn letter names as they see them in their own names, in the names of family members, and in familiar contexts such as signs, t-shirts, cereal boxes, television commercials, and other environmental print. Learn letter shapes. Children learn letter shapes as they play with blocks, plastic letters, alphabet books, and computer games. Learn letter sounds. Children best learn the sounds letters represent (individual phonemes) in relationship to letters. Activities that ask children to segment beginning sounds can be played with puppets, I Spy riddles, or identifying objects that have certain beginning sounds. Teachers typically exaggerate beginning letter sounds and ask students to listen for and mimic those sounds. Follow up activities ask children to match letter sounds to pictures. Reading Fluency the ability to decode a printed text easily, accurately, expressively, and at an appropriate rate phonics teaching reading by training beginners to associate letters with their sound values