ABC Certified Orthotic Fitter Exam Correct answers latest update

ABC Certified Orthotic Fitter Exam Correct answers latest update Rubor Dark coloration of the skin that does not fade Mottling Blotchy appearance of the skin Callus (Tyloma) Thickened layers of skin, often on the hands or feet, where friction repeatedly occurs Hard Corn (Heloma Durum) Small patch of thickened, dead skin with a packed center. Form usually 4th/5th toe Soft Corn (Heloma Molle) (wound) usually in between 4th/5th wed space Edema Excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body. dependent edema a fluid accumulation in the tissues influenced by gravity; usually greater in the lower extremities than in tissue levels above the level of the heart venous edema increased capillary pressure and venous obstruction mixed edema waxy skin lymphedema swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues Normal Pedal(foot) Temperature 80-90 *F Proprioception Perception or awareness of the position and movement of the body. Tuning Fork Test(weber test) Discrepancy Window 8 Seconds Stance Phase comprises what percent of the gait cycle? 62% Swing Phase comprises what percent of the gait cycle? 38% Saggital Plane divides the body into a right and left side. (Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion) Frontal Plane Divides the body into front and back portions. (Anterior/Posterior)(inversion/Eversion) Transverse Plane horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions (Abduction/Adduction) Pronation(of the foot) triplane movement comprised of dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction Supination(of the foot) Triplane movement comprised of plantarflexion, inversion, adduction Heel Strike (initial contact) Foot is inverted and dorsiflexed, Pressure should land on lateral heel Foot Flat (Loading Response) Foot is inverted, Pressure is on the lateral border of foot Midstance Foot is subtalar neutral(not pronated/supinated). Pressure transfers from lateral to medial side of foot across ball of foot Heel Off (Terminal Stance) Foot is everted and slightly plantarflexed. Pressure on medial forefoot. Toe Off (Pre-Swing) Foot is everted and fully plantarflexed. Pressure should go through hallux. Initial (Early) Swing Knee is flexed, toes pointing toward ground. Midswing Tibia is perpendicular with the ground. Late Swing Leg is extended, heel pointing toward ground ready to go into next heel strike. Ataxic Gait An unsteady, uncoordinated walk, employing a wide base and the feet thrown out. Antalgic Gait A persons manner of walking that develops as a way to avoid pain while walking, "limping' Apraxic Gait Shuffling walk or trouble getting started with the gait cycle Prefab diabetic Orthotic Molds SX(symptoms) Diabetes Type 1 or 2, Foot Calluses, Poor Circulation BK (Below Knee) 20 - 30 mmHG Compression Stockings SX Burns, Dependant Edema, Lymphedema Axilla armpit sternal notch at superior end of manubrium between medial ends of the two clavicles xyphoid process The cartilage at the lower end of the sternum ASIS anterior superior iliac spine (top of pelvic bone) Symphysis Pubis a cartilaginous joint that is the point of fusion for two pubic bones Acromion an extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder antecubital anterior surface of elbow (elbow pit) Olecranon back of elbow (point of elbow) styloid process of radius Medial "point" of wrist styloid process of ulna Lateral "point" of wrist Thumb interphalangeal joint Singular joint between tip of thumb and the knuckle Perineum the area between the anus and the scrotum or vulva. patella tendon tendon that extends from the quadricep to the knee(patella) to tibia (shinbone). greater trochanter A bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh, just below the hip joint. waist of the foot the measurement behind the ball of the foot and before the instep instep of foot (dorsalis pedis) The measurement across the tarsals (These five bones form the arch of the midfoot). They are the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms, the cuboid, and the navicular. Occiput back part of the skull Cervical Vertebrae Neck C1-C7; first set of seven bones, forming the neck thoracic vertebrae Mid Back T1-T12; second set of 12 vertebrae; they articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine Lumbar Vertebrae Lower Back L1-L5, third set of five larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of the spine sacrum and coccyx single bones that result from the fusion of several vertebrae Pelvic crest L4-L5 Scapular Spine Prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the scapula at its upper part, and separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa. inferior angle of scapula T7 Bottom Point of the Scapula Spinous process of vertebra projects posteriorly from fused lamina coccyx (tailbone) Tailbone Gluteal cleft butt crack Gluteal Fold Fold between the upper thigh and buttock Politeal Fossa posterior knee (knee pit) FERB Acronym stands for? Flexion, Extension, Rotation, Bending Flexible(postural) Kyphosis - slouched back; postural round back, corrected by voluntary hyperextension - common in adolescents - No adverse physical effects Sheuermanns (Rigid) Kyphosis slouched back in which is irreversible. The front sections of the vertebrae grow slower than the back sections. Degenerative Disc Disease This is a condition of the discs between vertebrae with loss of cushioning, fragmentation and herniation related to aging. spondylolisthesis the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it