Pilates Anatomy Basi Exam Questions And Answers.

Pilates Anatomy Basi Exam Questions And Answers. Median plane (planes of motion) - Answer Dividing the body into right and left halves Sagital Plane (planes of motion) - Answer Dividing the body into unequal right and left portions Coronal Plane (planes of motion) - Answer Dividing the body into front and back portions Transverse Plane (planes of motion) - Answer Dividing the body into upper and lower portions Anatonical position - Answer Standing with arms down by side and palms facing forward Anterior/Ventral (anatomical direction/position) - Answer Front side/in front of Posterior/Dorsal (anatomical direction/position) - Answer Backside/in back of Medial (anatomical direction/position) - Answer Closer to the median plane/towards midline Lateral (anatomical direction/position) - Answer Further from the median plane/toward side Superior/Cranial (anatomical direction/position) - Answer Above/towards head Inferior/Caudal (anatomical direction/position) - Answer Below/towards feet Proximal (anatomical direction/position) - Answer Closer to root of limb or median plane. Distal (anatomical direction/position) - Answer Further from root of limb or median plane Supine (anatomical direction/position) - Answer Lying on back Prone (anatomical direction/position) - Answer Lying on front Flexion (joint movements) - Answer Movement in an anterior direction for the upper extremities and hip joint and movement in a posterior direction for the lower extremities Extension (joint movements) - Answer Movement in a posterior direction for the upper extremities and hip joint and movement in an anterior direction for the lower extremities Pilates Anatomy Basi Exam Questions And Answers Hyperextension (joint movements) - Answer Excessive movement/position in the direction of extension e.g. knees, lumbar, and cervical curvatures of the spine Abduction (joint movements) - Answer Moving AWAY from the midline of the body Adduction (joint movements) - Answer Moving TOWARDS the midline of the body Rotation (joint movements) - Answer Turning around the long axis of a bone. Takes place in the transverse plane around the longitudinal axis. Lateral Flexion (joint movements) - Answer Side bending of the trunk to the right or left. Lateral movement of the head, neck, and trunk in the coronal plane and around the sagital axis. Inversion (joint movements) - Answer Lifting the inside portion of the foot upward, Turning sole inward; weight on outer edge of the foot Eversion (joint movements) - Answer Lifting the outside portion ot the foot outward, turning sole outward; weight on inner edge of the foot Retraction (scapular) (joint movements) - Answer Bringing shoulder blades together toward spine (also=adduction) Protraction (scapular) (joint movements) - Answer Bringing shoulder blades forward and away from spine (also=abduction) Elevation (scapular) (joint movements) - Answer Lifting shoulder blades up toward ears Depression (scapular) (joint movements) - Answer Lowering shoulder blade toward waist Rectus abdominis (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) - Answer Pubic bone, Ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process, flexion at waist. External obliques (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) - Answer Major action: Trunk flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation (opposite). Origin: Lateral Ribs. Insertion: Linea Alba (The Centre Line of Rectus Abdominis). Action: Flexion and Rotation to the Opposite Side. Internal obliques (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) - Answer Major action: Trunk flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation (same). The muscles located underneath the external obliques, function as torso flexors and rotators and maintain pressure on internal organs Transverse abdominus - Answer Major action: Pulls abdominal wall inward. Is the innermost of the flat muscles of the abdomen, being placed immediately beneath the internal oblique muscle. It also is connected to the diaphragm which helps with inhalation. The transversus abdominis (TVA) helps to compress the ribs and viscera, providing thoracic and pelvic stability. Deep posterior (spine extensors) (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) - Answer Major action: Spine extension, hyperextension, rotation (opposite), lateral flexion Semi-spinalis (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) - Answer Major action: Spine extension, hyperextension, rotation (opposite), lateral flexion. Deep muscle of the back. Erector spinae (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) - Answer Major action: Extension and rotation (same). A bundle of muscles and tendons. It is paired and runs more or less vertically. It extends throughout the lumbar, thoracic and cervical regions, and lies in the groove to the side of the vertebral column. Iliopsoas (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) - Answer Major action: Hip flexion, lumbar lordosis. Combination of 3 muscles: psoas major, psoas minor and iliacus. Strongest of the hip flexors (rectus femoris, sartorius, and tensor fasciae latae), iliopsoas is important for standing, walking, and running. It is, however, a typical posture muscle dominated by slow-twitch red type 1 fibers, and is therefore susceptible to pathological shortening or contracture (especially in older people with a sedentary lifestyle) and requires regular stretching to maintain normal tone. Such shortening can lead to increased anterior pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis (unilateral shortening), and limitation of hip extension (bilateral weakness). Rectus femoris (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) - Answer Major action: Hip flexion, knee extension. One of the four quadriceps muscles of the human body. (The others are the vastus medialis, the vastus intermedius (deep to the rectus femoris), and the vastus lateralis. All four combine to form the quadriceps tendon, which inserts into the patella and continues as the patellar ligament.) Situated in the middle of the front of the thigh; it is fusiform in shape, and its superficial fibers are arranged in a bipenniform manner, the deep fibers running straight down to the deep aponeurosis. Hamstrings (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) - Answer The hamstrings cross and act upon two joints - the hip and the knee. The hamstring refers to one of the three posterior thigh muscles, or to the tendons that make up the borders of the space behind the knee. Major action: Hip extension, knee flexion Gluteus maximus (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) - Answer The largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles. Major action: Hip extension, external rotation Gluteus medius (muscle that act on the pelvic complex) - Answer One of the three gluteal muscles, is a broad, thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis. Major action: Hip abduction.