adult Gero exam 3
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
controls release of anterior pituitary hormones
hypothalamic hormones
stimulate release of most anterior pituitary hormones
-somatostatin and dopamine
Posterior Pituitary Gland
store house for ADH and oxytocin and communicates with the hypothalamus
using nerve endings
The increase in T3 and T4 causes ?
turns off TRH and TSH signaling hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland
examples of positive feedback
childbirth and blood clotting
disorders of anterior pituitary gland
Hypopituitarism
Hyperpituitarism
(Tropic hormone problems)
Growth Hormone release is inhibited by
obesity, hyperglycemia, cortisol
Causes of growth hormone deficiency
- pituitary tumor
,- heredity
- malnutrition
Gigantism
excess growth hormone in children prior to closing of epiphyseal plates
Acromegaly
growth hormone excess in adults usually caused by tumor in pituitary gland
manifestations of acromegaly
enlarged tongue
slanting forehead
type II diabetes
Cardiomegaly
barrels chest
nerve compression (entrapment)
Treatment of acromegaly
correct metabolic abnormalities
remove or reduce pituitary tumor
why do we give somatostatin and dopamine agonists in acromegaly patients
inhibits growth hormone secretion, thus decreasing release of GH and prolactin
transsphenoidal approach in reaching the pituitary tumor
goes through the nares or the top lip to reach the anterior pituitary gland
Complications of pituitary tumor removal
diabetes insipid
CSF drainage
, -halo effect indicated CSF and test the glucose level of the nose dripping.
A patient is post opp from removing their anterior pituitary gland and the pt
presents with clear colored rhinorhhea coming from the dressing and nose. How
can you determine if this fluid is CSF?
CSF is high in glucose, so you can test it to see if it will contain high contents of
glucose.
diabetes insipidus
. This is a result of pituitary tumor removal. antidiuretic hormone is not secreted
adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect causing excessive peeing.
what triggers ADH release?
hypovolemia and high osmolarity
What happens when ADH is released?
Causes water retention, thus increasing plasma volume and lowering plasma
olsmolarity. The ADH is inhibited since it is no longer needed.
diabetes insipidus
decreased ADH caused not enough water being retained and decreased
intravascular fluid volume causing excessive urine output and increased
osmolarity.
how do we diagnose diabetes insipidus?
24 hour urine output, BUN and creatine, BG, and fluid deprivation test.
How to know if Diabetes insipidus is a brain problem or a kidney problem?
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
controls release of anterior pituitary hormones
hypothalamic hormones
stimulate release of most anterior pituitary hormones
-somatostatin and dopamine
Posterior Pituitary Gland
store house for ADH and oxytocin and communicates with the hypothalamus
using nerve endings
The increase in T3 and T4 causes ?
turns off TRH and TSH signaling hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland
examples of positive feedback
childbirth and blood clotting
disorders of anterior pituitary gland
Hypopituitarism
Hyperpituitarism
(Tropic hormone problems)
Growth Hormone release is inhibited by
obesity, hyperglycemia, cortisol
Causes of growth hormone deficiency
- pituitary tumor
,- heredity
- malnutrition
Gigantism
excess growth hormone in children prior to closing of epiphyseal plates
Acromegaly
growth hormone excess in adults usually caused by tumor in pituitary gland
manifestations of acromegaly
enlarged tongue
slanting forehead
type II diabetes
Cardiomegaly
barrels chest
nerve compression (entrapment)
Treatment of acromegaly
correct metabolic abnormalities
remove or reduce pituitary tumor
why do we give somatostatin and dopamine agonists in acromegaly patients
inhibits growth hormone secretion, thus decreasing release of GH and prolactin
transsphenoidal approach in reaching the pituitary tumor
goes through the nares or the top lip to reach the anterior pituitary gland
Complications of pituitary tumor removal
diabetes insipid
CSF drainage
, -halo effect indicated CSF and test the glucose level of the nose dripping.
A patient is post opp from removing their anterior pituitary gland and the pt
presents with clear colored rhinorhhea coming from the dressing and nose. How
can you determine if this fluid is CSF?
CSF is high in glucose, so you can test it to see if it will contain high contents of
glucose.
diabetes insipidus
. This is a result of pituitary tumor removal. antidiuretic hormone is not secreted
adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect causing excessive peeing.
what triggers ADH release?
hypovolemia and high osmolarity
What happens when ADH is released?
Causes water retention, thus increasing plasma volume and lowering plasma
olsmolarity. The ADH is inhibited since it is no longer needed.
diabetes insipidus
decreased ADH caused not enough water being retained and decreased
intravascular fluid volume causing excessive urine output and increased
osmolarity.
how do we diagnose diabetes insipidus?
24 hour urine output, BUN and creatine, BG, and fluid deprivation test.
How to know if Diabetes insipidus is a brain problem or a kidney problem?
