RD Exam: Vitamins/Minerals Questions
And Answers.
Vitamin A (properties) -
\Fat-soluble, stored in liver
Carotene-precursor, provitamin (nutrient changed into vitamin) converted in intestinal
mucosal cells
Toxic level 10,000 IU
Vitamin A (less common sources) -
\Fish, liver, fortified skim milk
Vitamin A (deficiency signs) -
\Night blindness, nyctalopia, is reversible (detected using dark adaptation test)
Xerophthalmia - corneal damage, not reversible
Dry, scaly skin (hyperkeratosis)
Vitamin D (deficiency signs) -
\Soft bones-rickets, osteomalacia (adults)
Vitamin E (properties) -
\Tocopherol
One of the least toxic vitamins
UL 1000 mgs
Vitamin E (function) -
\Antioxidant
Resists hemolysis of RBC
Vitamin K (properties) -
\Synthesized by bacteria in lower intestinal tract
No toxicity symptoms
Vitamin K status is affected by: -
\Anticoagulants
Vitamin B1 (properties) -
\Thiamin; water soluble
Lost as temp or pH rises (becomes more alkaline)
Heat stable in acid
Vitamin B1 (function) -
\*Oxidation of CHO
, (^CHO ^need)
Metabolism of pyruvate
Vitamin B1 (less common source) -
\Pork
Vitamin B1 (deficiency signs) -
\*Beriberi, memory loss, tachycardia
*Increased plasma pyruvate
Muscle weakness, foot drop
Decreased erythrocyte transketolase
Vitamin B2 (properties) -
\Riboflavin
*Lost in UV light (why milk is not in translucent bottles)
Vitamin B2 (sources) -
\Liver, kidney, meat, milk (mostly all animal sources)
Vitamin B2 (deficiency signs) -
\*Magenta tongue
Growth failure
Cheilosis-cracked lips
Angular stomatitis-mouth corner cracks
Niacin (properties) -
\Precursor: tryptophan
Niacin (deficiency signs) -
\*Bright, red tongue
*Symmetrical, pigmented rash in sunlight
Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
Pellagra
Folate (functions) -
\DNA synthesis
Forms RBC in bone marrow
*Prevents neural tube defects
Folate (properties) -
\Water-soluble PABA (para-amino benzoic acid) is a precursor
Folate (sources) -
\Liver, kidney, green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, lentils, beans, fortified cereals
Folate (deficiency signs) -
And Answers.
Vitamin A (properties) -
\Fat-soluble, stored in liver
Carotene-precursor, provitamin (nutrient changed into vitamin) converted in intestinal
mucosal cells
Toxic level 10,000 IU
Vitamin A (less common sources) -
\Fish, liver, fortified skim milk
Vitamin A (deficiency signs) -
\Night blindness, nyctalopia, is reversible (detected using dark adaptation test)
Xerophthalmia - corneal damage, not reversible
Dry, scaly skin (hyperkeratosis)
Vitamin D (deficiency signs) -
\Soft bones-rickets, osteomalacia (adults)
Vitamin E (properties) -
\Tocopherol
One of the least toxic vitamins
UL 1000 mgs
Vitamin E (function) -
\Antioxidant
Resists hemolysis of RBC
Vitamin K (properties) -
\Synthesized by bacteria in lower intestinal tract
No toxicity symptoms
Vitamin K status is affected by: -
\Anticoagulants
Vitamin B1 (properties) -
\Thiamin; water soluble
Lost as temp or pH rises (becomes more alkaline)
Heat stable in acid
Vitamin B1 (function) -
\*Oxidation of CHO
, (^CHO ^need)
Metabolism of pyruvate
Vitamin B1 (less common source) -
\Pork
Vitamin B1 (deficiency signs) -
\*Beriberi, memory loss, tachycardia
*Increased plasma pyruvate
Muscle weakness, foot drop
Decreased erythrocyte transketolase
Vitamin B2 (properties) -
\Riboflavin
*Lost in UV light (why milk is not in translucent bottles)
Vitamin B2 (sources) -
\Liver, kidney, meat, milk (mostly all animal sources)
Vitamin B2 (deficiency signs) -
\*Magenta tongue
Growth failure
Cheilosis-cracked lips
Angular stomatitis-mouth corner cracks
Niacin (properties) -
\Precursor: tryptophan
Niacin (deficiency signs) -
\*Bright, red tongue
*Symmetrical, pigmented rash in sunlight
Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
Pellagra
Folate (functions) -
\DNA synthesis
Forms RBC in bone marrow
*Prevents neural tube defects
Folate (properties) -
\Water-soluble PABA (para-amino benzoic acid) is a precursor
Folate (sources) -
\Liver, kidney, green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, lentils, beans, fortified cereals
Folate (deficiency signs) -
