HLST 200 Final Exam Questions With 100%
Verified Answers
chain of infection
infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
Infectious agents (pathogens)
The types of microbes that can cause infections are viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, & helminths
(parasitic worms).
Viruses
Tough, Tiny pathogens that are 10 to 100 times smaller than bacteria & much smaller than fungi.
Most Common Viruses
filoviruses, hepatitis, herpes, influenza, noroviruses, papillomaviruses, retroviruses, rhinoviruses &
adrenoviruses, slow viruses
Bacteria
simple one-celled organisms
bacterial diseases
tuberculosis, tetanus, gonorrhea, scarlet fever, diphtheria
Fungi
A eukaryotic organism that that come in a variety of shapes and sizes
Protozoa
single-celled, microscopic animals that release enzymes and toxins that destroy cells or interfere with
their function
Giardiasis
an intestinal infection caused by microorganisms in human and animal feces
Helminths (Parasitic worms)
small parasitic worms that attack specific tissues or organs and compete with the host for nutrients
Reservoir
a place where any infectious agent can live, grow, and multiply
Botulism
a deadly food disease caused by certain bacteria that grow in improperly canned foods
Listeria
a type of bacterium found in food, soil, vegetation, water, sewage, and the feces of humans and
animals
,BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease)
a disease that affects the central nervous system, especially in cows
Prions
infectious self-reproducing protein structures
vector-borne transmission
when an insect or an animal transmits disease to a human
Ways that a pathogen can be transmitted
- Direct contact
- indirect contact
- droplet transmission
- airborne transmission
- common vehicle transmission
prodromal period
short period after incubation; early, mild symptoms
humoral immunity
protection provided by antibodies
antigen
any substance that enters the body and triggers production of an antibody
active immunity
long-lasting immunity in which the body makes its own antibodies to a pathogen
passive immunity
Immunity produced by the transfer to one person of antibodies that were produced by another
person
gamma globulin
the antibody-containing part of the blood
cell-mediated immunity
mainly protects against parasites, fungi, cancer cells, and foreign tissue
lymph nodes
small tissue masses in which some protective cells are stored
Vaccine
, an injection or shot that contain tiny amount of material that make your immune system produce
antibodies
500
the approximate number of microorganisms that cause disease
more than 200
the amount of distinct cold viruses, or rhinoviruses
Rhinoviruses
cause most spring, summer, & early fall colds and tend to cause more symptoms above the neck
adenovirus, coronavirus, Influenza virus
strike in the winter and more likely to get into the bronchi & trachea and cause more fever &
bronchitis
Reye's syndrome
a potentially deadly disorder that can cause convulsions, coma, swelling of the brain, & kidney
damage. Can be caused by taking aspirin for a cold or flu
antihistamines
most widely used cold remedy
Dextromethorphan
cough suppressant - turns down the brains cough reflex
Pseudoephedrine
open & drain sinus passages but can speed up heart rate & cause complications in individuals with
high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, or thyroid disorders
Guaifenesin
helps liquify secretions so you can bring up mucus from the chest
Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)
caused by viruses that occur naturally in wild birds
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
a respiratory illness caused by a previously unknown type of coronavirus
Meningitis
an infection of the fluid & membranes around the brain and spinal cord - caused by bacteria, viruses,
or fungi
Hepatitis
Verified Answers
chain of infection
infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
Infectious agents (pathogens)
The types of microbes that can cause infections are viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, & helminths
(parasitic worms).
Viruses
Tough, Tiny pathogens that are 10 to 100 times smaller than bacteria & much smaller than fungi.
Most Common Viruses
filoviruses, hepatitis, herpes, influenza, noroviruses, papillomaviruses, retroviruses, rhinoviruses &
adrenoviruses, slow viruses
Bacteria
simple one-celled organisms
bacterial diseases
tuberculosis, tetanus, gonorrhea, scarlet fever, diphtheria
Fungi
A eukaryotic organism that that come in a variety of shapes and sizes
Protozoa
single-celled, microscopic animals that release enzymes and toxins that destroy cells or interfere with
their function
Giardiasis
an intestinal infection caused by microorganisms in human and animal feces
Helminths (Parasitic worms)
small parasitic worms that attack specific tissues or organs and compete with the host for nutrients
Reservoir
a place where any infectious agent can live, grow, and multiply
Botulism
a deadly food disease caused by certain bacteria that grow in improperly canned foods
Listeria
a type of bacterium found in food, soil, vegetation, water, sewage, and the feces of humans and
animals
,BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease)
a disease that affects the central nervous system, especially in cows
Prions
infectious self-reproducing protein structures
vector-borne transmission
when an insect or an animal transmits disease to a human
Ways that a pathogen can be transmitted
- Direct contact
- indirect contact
- droplet transmission
- airborne transmission
- common vehicle transmission
prodromal period
short period after incubation; early, mild symptoms
humoral immunity
protection provided by antibodies
antigen
any substance that enters the body and triggers production of an antibody
active immunity
long-lasting immunity in which the body makes its own antibodies to a pathogen
passive immunity
Immunity produced by the transfer to one person of antibodies that were produced by another
person
gamma globulin
the antibody-containing part of the blood
cell-mediated immunity
mainly protects against parasites, fungi, cancer cells, and foreign tissue
lymph nodes
small tissue masses in which some protective cells are stored
Vaccine
, an injection or shot that contain tiny amount of material that make your immune system produce
antibodies
500
the approximate number of microorganisms that cause disease
more than 200
the amount of distinct cold viruses, or rhinoviruses
Rhinoviruses
cause most spring, summer, & early fall colds and tend to cause more symptoms above the neck
adenovirus, coronavirus, Influenza virus
strike in the winter and more likely to get into the bronchi & trachea and cause more fever &
bronchitis
Reye's syndrome
a potentially deadly disorder that can cause convulsions, coma, swelling of the brain, & kidney
damage. Can be caused by taking aspirin for a cold or flu
antihistamines
most widely used cold remedy
Dextromethorphan
cough suppressant - turns down the brains cough reflex
Pseudoephedrine
open & drain sinus passages but can speed up heart rate & cause complications in individuals with
high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, or thyroid disorders
Guaifenesin
helps liquify secretions so you can bring up mucus from the chest
Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)
caused by viruses that occur naturally in wild birds
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
a respiratory illness caused by a previously unknown type of coronavirus
Meningitis
an infection of the fluid & membranes around the brain and spinal cord - caused by bacteria, viruses,
or fungi
Hepatitis
