BIOL 2230 Exam 3 Questions and A Level Answers

BIOL 2230 Exam 3 Questions and A Level Answers What are pathology, etiology, and pathogenesis? - Pathology - the study of disease Etiology - the cause of disease Pathogenesis - studying the process of disease How does the term disease differ from infection? - Disease - movement of the body away from a state of "health" Infection - colonization of the body by microorganisms What are the three types of symbiosis? - 1) Mutualism (+/+) → Ex. E. Coli 2) Commensalism (+/0) → Ex. Candida albicans 3) Parasitism (+/-) → Ex. Vibrio cholera What is normal flora? Examples? - Microorganism in/on the body at all times, 500 to 5,000 species at all times Ex. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, E. Coli What is microbial antagonism? Examples? - "Good bacteria," normal flora, inhibit/prevent growth of pathogens 1) Out Compete: S. epidermidis 2) Change in Environment: L. acidophilus 3) Bacteriocins: inhibits bacterial growth, E. Coli How is normal flora acquired? - L. acidophilus - vaginal birth S. epidermidis - nursing E. Coli - contaminated food, items What are opportunistic pathogens? Examples? - Normal flora that can cause disease in other locations of the body Ex. E. Coli → UTI, wound, lungs, CSF S. aureus → UTI, wound What are probiotics? Examples? - Intentional ingestion of "good" bacteria to antagonize "bad" bacteria Ex. Yogurt, Fecal Transplant What are Koch's postulates? - Method used to identify the etiological cause of an infectious disease What are some limitations to Koch's postulates? - 1) Some disease have multiple causes