BIOL 2230 Exam 2 Questions and Answers

BIOL 2230 Exam 2 Questions and Answers What role has endosymbiosis played in evolution? - What are some distinguishing features of Protists? - - Highly diverse grouping of eukaryotic organisms - Unicellular or multicellular - Autotrophs (algae) or Heterotrophs (protozoa) - Motile or non-motile - Cell walls or no cell walls Most are harmless, but some cause disease What are algae and protozoans? - PROTOZOANS: -pathogens - unicellular - heterotrophic - motile (flagella, cilia, psuedopods) - 2 stages: trophozoite and cyst - no cell walls - some cause disease ALGAE: - autotrophic - agar produced by red algae - diatoms (oil comes from diatoms) What are cysts and trophozoites? - Cyst- dormant, often transmitted Trophozoite- active feeding state What are the Archaezoans, Euglenozoans, Amoebozoans, and Alveolates? Examples? - Archaezoans- Move by two or more flagella, have nonfunctional mitochondria (mitosomes), anaerobic. Ex: Giardia, Trichomonas Euglenozoans- large flagella strengthened by protein rod. Ex: Euglena, Trypanosoma Amoebozoans- move by pseudopods. Ex: Entamoeba histolytica, Amoeba proteus Alveolates- numerous water filled vesicles beneath the plasma membrane. Ex: Paramecium, Plasmodium What diseases are caused by Giardia, Trichomonas, Trypanosoma, Entamoeba, and Plasmodium? - Giardia- fatty diarrhea Trichomonas- vaginitis Trypanosoma- sleeping sickness Entamoeba- dysentery (bloody diarrhea) Plasmodium- malaria How does Flagyl work? - It inhibits DNA synthesis What are diatoms? Importance? - Cell walls made of glass. When the diatom breaks, it falls to the floor of the ocean and that is where oil comes from. What are some distinguishing features of fungi? - - Unicellular (yeast) or multicellular (mold) - Heterotrophic