BIOL 2230 Exam 1 Questions and Answers

BIOL 2230 Exam 1 Questions and Answers Who was the first to see microorganisms? How? When? - Anton Leeuwenhoek, with the lens he grinded, 1674 Who developed the germ theory of disease? - Pasteur & Kock What are the various types of microorganisms? - Bacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea What are prokaryotes and eukaryotes? - Prokaryotes - no nucleus or internal membranes Eukaryotes - have nucleus and internal membranes What are bacteria and archaeans? - Bacteria - domain of prokaryotic organisms, characterized by peptidoglycan cell walls Archaeans - domain of prokaryotic cells lacking peptidoglycan; one of the three domains What are viruses, viroids, and prions? - Viruses - a submicroscopic, parasitic, filterable agent consisting of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat Viroids - infectious RNA Prions - an infectious agent consisting of a self-replicating protein, with no detectable nucleic acid How are microorganisms named and classified? - Binomial Naming System What roles do microorganisms play in the environment, food production, and biotechnology? - Environment - oxygen production via photosynthesis, decomposition Food Production - fermentation and pasteurization, beer, wine, cheese, yogurt, bread Biotechnology - genetic engineering What impacts have microorganisms had on history? - The Plague, Cortez Conquers the Aztecs (Spaniards brought smallpox over to the new world and killed all of the Aztecs with infection), Civil War (infection) When was the "Golden Age of Microbiology"? - , 50 year period (mid 1800's to early 1900's) What questions did scientists attempt to answer? - 1) Does life arise spontaneously? 2) What causes fermentation? 3) What causes disease? 4) How can disease be treated/prevented? What is the theory of spontaneous generation? - The idea that life could arise from nothing. The idea that toads, snakes, and mice could be born of moist soil; that flies could emerge from manure; and that maggots could arise from decaying corpse