Educational Research Midterm Exam|A+
Graded Update
inductive reasoning
- analysis of qualitative data
- researcher begins with specific observations, notes any patterns, forms a hypothesis, and then
determines the conclusion
- also looks at the setting and participants
coding scheme
- system of categorization
- used to group data that provide similar info
constant comparative method
- also reduces and organizes data but also involves the complex, iterative process of data collection
and coding
- apply to a multidata sources and multisite studies
descriptive statistics
- numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups
- measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion
measures of central tendency
- statistical procedure that indicates with a single score what is typical or standard about a group
- includes mean, median, and mode
mean
- the average of a set of numbers
- can be distorted by outliers
median
- the middle score in a set a numbers
- more accurate than the mean
mode
- the score that occurs most frequently in a distribution
- more accurate than the mean
measures of dispersion
- what is different within a group of scores
- how much spread or diversity exists
- range and standard deviation
range
- subtract lowest score from the highest score
standard deviation
, - the average distance of scores away from the mean
correlation coefficiencts
- report direction and strength of the relationship between two variables
- strong +.80
- weak -.20-0.00 and +.20-0.00
inferrential statistics
- uses to determine how likely a given statistical result is for an entire population
independent measure t test
- two groups, treatment and control group, are compared on a common dependent variable
- p value is probability
- p< alpha difference is statistically significant and null hypothesis is rejected
- p> alpha difference is not statistically significant and can't reject null hypothesis
repeated measures t test
- compares two measures taken on the same individuals
- pretest-intervention-posttest
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
- also pretest-intervention-posttest but more than two groups
chi-square test
- collected frequency counts with categories
- used to statistically compare the categories
- effect sizes of +1.0 means treatment resulted in a full standard deviation of change
- practical difference (.20-.30 or >)
action research
- systemic inquiry conducted by teachers, administrators, counselors, or others with a vest interest in
the teaching and learning process or environment for the purpose of gathering info about ow their
particular schools operate, how they teach, and how students learn
practitioners
- people whose primary education and training is not in research methodology
common sense
- use of human reasoning as a basis for answering questions
Scientific Method
- strategy used to answer questions and resolve problems
- clarify question
- hypothesis
- collect, analyze, interpret info
- conclusion
- verify/reject hypothesis
Graded Update
inductive reasoning
- analysis of qualitative data
- researcher begins with specific observations, notes any patterns, forms a hypothesis, and then
determines the conclusion
- also looks at the setting and participants
coding scheme
- system of categorization
- used to group data that provide similar info
constant comparative method
- also reduces and organizes data but also involves the complex, iterative process of data collection
and coding
- apply to a multidata sources and multisite studies
descriptive statistics
- numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups
- measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion
measures of central tendency
- statistical procedure that indicates with a single score what is typical or standard about a group
- includes mean, median, and mode
mean
- the average of a set of numbers
- can be distorted by outliers
median
- the middle score in a set a numbers
- more accurate than the mean
mode
- the score that occurs most frequently in a distribution
- more accurate than the mean
measures of dispersion
- what is different within a group of scores
- how much spread or diversity exists
- range and standard deviation
range
- subtract lowest score from the highest score
standard deviation
, - the average distance of scores away from the mean
correlation coefficiencts
- report direction and strength of the relationship between two variables
- strong +.80
- weak -.20-0.00 and +.20-0.00
inferrential statistics
- uses to determine how likely a given statistical result is for an entire population
independent measure t test
- two groups, treatment and control group, are compared on a common dependent variable
- p value is probability
- p< alpha difference is statistically significant and null hypothesis is rejected
- p> alpha difference is not statistically significant and can't reject null hypothesis
repeated measures t test
- compares two measures taken on the same individuals
- pretest-intervention-posttest
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
- also pretest-intervention-posttest but more than two groups
chi-square test
- collected frequency counts with categories
- used to statistically compare the categories
- effect sizes of +1.0 means treatment resulted in a full standard deviation of change
- practical difference (.20-.30 or >)
action research
- systemic inquiry conducted by teachers, administrators, counselors, or others with a vest interest in
the teaching and learning process or environment for the purpose of gathering info about ow their
particular schools operate, how they teach, and how students learn
practitioners
- people whose primary education and training is not in research methodology
common sense
- use of human reasoning as a basis for answering questions
Scientific Method
- strategy used to answer questions and resolve problems
- clarify question
- hypothesis
- collect, analyze, interpret info
- conclusion
- verify/reject hypothesis
