INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS LAW 2
INHOUD
CHAPTER 1........................................................................................................................................................................3
1.1.................................................................................................................................................................................3
1.2.................................................................................................................................................................................3
1.3.................................................................................................................................................................................3
1.4.................................................................................................................................................................................3
Codified standards:..................................................................................................................................................4
The application of law:.............................................................................................................................................4
legal writings and teachings.....................................................................................................................................4
religious writings and teachings...............................................................................................................................4
customary law and legal principles..........................................................................................................................5
Legal principles.........................................................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 3........................................................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Trias politica and the struggle for power...............................................................................................................5
trias politica..............................................................................................................................................................6
3.2 the language of constitutional law........................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 5........................................................................................................................................................................6
5.1 the international monetary fund...........................................................................................................................6
5.2 the world bank.......................................................................................................................................................7
5.3 the world trade organization.................................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 6........................................................................................................................................................................8
6.1 Regional economic integration..............................................................................................................................8
6.2 The free trade zone: NAFTA.................................................................................................................................10
6.3 The customs union: the SACU..............................................................................................................................12
6.4 The common market: MERCOSUR.......................................................................................................................12
Chapter 7........................................................................................................................................................................13
7.1 Economic intergration in Europe.........................................................................................................................13
7.2 Free trade under the EU......................................................................................................................................13
the four freedoms..................................................................................................................................................13
Harmonization of law.............................................................................................................................................14
Competition law.....................................................................................................................................................15
7.3 the organizational structure of the eu.................................................................................................................16
, 7.4 Dispute Settlement..............................................................................................................................................16
Chapter 10......................................................................................................................................................................16
10.1............................................................................................................................................................................16
10.2............................................................................................................................................................................17
10.3............................................................................................................................................................................18
the nature of labour contracts...............................................................................................................................18
duration of the contract.........................................................................................................................................18
minimum wage......................................................................................................................................................18
labour conditions...................................................................................................................................................19
non-discrimination.................................................................................................................................................19
the rights to organize and collective bargaining....................................................................................................19
social security standards........................................................................................................................................19
Chapter 12......................................................................................................................................................................19
Chapter 13......................................................................................................................................................................19
, CHAPTER 1
1.1
Law organizes just behavior in a society.
Substantive law: Substantive law is composed of legal rules that define the content of just behavior.
Formal law: Formal law is composed of legal rules that maintain substantive law. (punishments)
Public law: Public law is the law that regulates the relation between a government and its citizens.
Private law: Private law is the law that regulates the relation between citizen or those who act as citizens.
The branches of law:
- At international level: economic cooperation.
- At national public law level: constitutional and administrative law, and criminal law.
- At national private law level we categorize law that deals with contracts; liability, labor contracts, the
legal form of a company, privacy, and intellectual property.
1.2
just implies a balance between the values ‘’justice’’, ‘’opportuness’’, and ‘’legal certainty’’.
- Justice: Justice is the moral conviction of a given society expressed in law. (when someone damages
something of you, you may except a compensation back – justice).
- Opportuness: Opportuness is the expression of effectiveness by a given society in law. (the choice to drive
a car on either the left side or the right side of the road seems a random choice, but a country can set rules
for this. It is an opportune way to effectively regulate traffic).
- Legal certainty: legal certainty is the expression of legality in a given society. (every citizen and the relevant
government should know the legal consequences of their actions beforehand, and not afterwards. This
means for instance that a citizen cannot be punished for something that was not forbidden at the time of
his actions).
1.3
Natural law: in a natural law approach it is assumed that laws emerge from nature. (law does not need to be
codified (written down) first to be a law)
Positivist law: In a positivist law approach, it is assumed that law comes forth from codification (law is only law
when it has been written down first)
1.4
The following sources are generally used: codified standards, the application of law, legal writings and teachings,
religious writings and teachings, customary law and legal principles.
within them All sources have elements of both positivist law and natural, however the balance is different.
INHOUD
CHAPTER 1........................................................................................................................................................................3
1.1.................................................................................................................................................................................3
1.2.................................................................................................................................................................................3
1.3.................................................................................................................................................................................3
1.4.................................................................................................................................................................................3
Codified standards:..................................................................................................................................................4
The application of law:.............................................................................................................................................4
legal writings and teachings.....................................................................................................................................4
religious writings and teachings...............................................................................................................................4
customary law and legal principles..........................................................................................................................5
Legal principles.........................................................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 3........................................................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Trias politica and the struggle for power...............................................................................................................5
trias politica..............................................................................................................................................................6
3.2 the language of constitutional law........................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 5........................................................................................................................................................................6
5.1 the international monetary fund...........................................................................................................................6
5.2 the world bank.......................................................................................................................................................7
5.3 the world trade organization.................................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 6........................................................................................................................................................................8
6.1 Regional economic integration..............................................................................................................................8
6.2 The free trade zone: NAFTA.................................................................................................................................10
6.3 The customs union: the SACU..............................................................................................................................12
6.4 The common market: MERCOSUR.......................................................................................................................12
Chapter 7........................................................................................................................................................................13
7.1 Economic intergration in Europe.........................................................................................................................13
7.2 Free trade under the EU......................................................................................................................................13
the four freedoms..................................................................................................................................................13
Harmonization of law.............................................................................................................................................14
Competition law.....................................................................................................................................................15
7.3 the organizational structure of the eu.................................................................................................................16
, 7.4 Dispute Settlement..............................................................................................................................................16
Chapter 10......................................................................................................................................................................16
10.1............................................................................................................................................................................16
10.2............................................................................................................................................................................17
10.3............................................................................................................................................................................18
the nature of labour contracts...............................................................................................................................18
duration of the contract.........................................................................................................................................18
minimum wage......................................................................................................................................................18
labour conditions...................................................................................................................................................19
non-discrimination.................................................................................................................................................19
the rights to organize and collective bargaining....................................................................................................19
social security standards........................................................................................................................................19
Chapter 12......................................................................................................................................................................19
Chapter 13......................................................................................................................................................................19
, CHAPTER 1
1.1
Law organizes just behavior in a society.
Substantive law: Substantive law is composed of legal rules that define the content of just behavior.
Formal law: Formal law is composed of legal rules that maintain substantive law. (punishments)
Public law: Public law is the law that regulates the relation between a government and its citizens.
Private law: Private law is the law that regulates the relation between citizen or those who act as citizens.
The branches of law:
- At international level: economic cooperation.
- At national public law level: constitutional and administrative law, and criminal law.
- At national private law level we categorize law that deals with contracts; liability, labor contracts, the
legal form of a company, privacy, and intellectual property.
1.2
just implies a balance between the values ‘’justice’’, ‘’opportuness’’, and ‘’legal certainty’’.
- Justice: Justice is the moral conviction of a given society expressed in law. (when someone damages
something of you, you may except a compensation back – justice).
- Opportuness: Opportuness is the expression of effectiveness by a given society in law. (the choice to drive
a car on either the left side or the right side of the road seems a random choice, but a country can set rules
for this. It is an opportune way to effectively regulate traffic).
- Legal certainty: legal certainty is the expression of legality in a given society. (every citizen and the relevant
government should know the legal consequences of their actions beforehand, and not afterwards. This
means for instance that a citizen cannot be punished for something that was not forbidden at the time of
his actions).
1.3
Natural law: in a natural law approach it is assumed that laws emerge from nature. (law does not need to be
codified (written down) first to be a law)
Positivist law: In a positivist law approach, it is assumed that law comes forth from codification (law is only law
when it has been written down first)
1.4
The following sources are generally used: codified standards, the application of law, legal writings and teachings,
religious writings and teachings, customary law and legal principles.
within them All sources have elements of both positivist law and natural, however the balance is different.
