Geology - Exam With Questions And Answers
c. change in rock's size, shape, or volume as a result of differential stress
Which of the following best defines strain?
a. Brittle
At low temperatures (i.e. shallow crustal depths), rocks tend to behave in a ______________ manner
and fracture.
b. ductile deformation
3. Folds form as a result of ________.
c. Basins
4. Large circular downwarped structures are called ________.
c. are upfolded or arched sedimentary layers
5. Anticlines:
c. normal faults
6. Tensional forces normally cause which one of the following?
d. Overturned fold
7. What type of fold is this?
c. strike slip
8. A(n) ________ fault has little or no vertical movements of the two blocks.
c. horizontal, tensional stresses drive the deformation
9. In thrust faulting, ________.
c. a hanging wall block that has moved down between two normal faults
10. A graben is characterized by ________.
b. right-lateral
11. If you are standing facing a strike-slip fault, and movement of the crustal block on the opposite
side is to your right, it is called a(n) ________ strike-slip fault.
c. the hanging wall block moves downward relative to the footwall block (footwall strata are "up"
relative to hanging wall strata)
12. In a normal fault, ________.
b. a low-angle (<45 degrees) reverse fault
13. A thrust fault is best described as ________.
, a. Joints
14. Fractures in rock that do not involve slippage or offset along the fracture are called ________.
a. Aftershocks
15. Major earthquakes are often followed by somewhat smaller events known as ________.
a. elastic rebound
16. The mechanism by which rocks store and eventually release energy in the form of an earthquake
is termed ________.
c. focus or hypocenter
17. When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source. The source (within
the earth) is also referred to as the ________.
a. Epicenter
18. The position on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake source is called the ________.
c. convergent plate boundaries (subduction zones)
19. Most of Earth's strongest earthquakes tend to occur along ________.
a. Primary waves
20. ________ have the highest velocities (are the fastest)
c. surface waves (Love and Rayleigh waves)
21. On a typical seismogram, ________ will show the highest amplitudes.
c. surface waves (Love and Rayleigh waves)
22. Overall, this type of seismic wave is the most destructive.
a. earthquake magnitude
23. The distance between a seismological recording station and the earthquake source is determined
from the ________.
d. Modified Mercalli
24. The ______________________ scale is a measure of the total energy released during an
earthquake. It does not directly measure the extent of building damage.
a. XII
25. ________ is the maximum possible damage designation on the Modified Mercalli scale.
a. the outer core (liquid)
29. S waves cannot travel through ________
c. change in rock's size, shape, or volume as a result of differential stress
Which of the following best defines strain?
a. Brittle
At low temperatures (i.e. shallow crustal depths), rocks tend to behave in a ______________ manner
and fracture.
b. ductile deformation
3. Folds form as a result of ________.
c. Basins
4. Large circular downwarped structures are called ________.
c. are upfolded or arched sedimentary layers
5. Anticlines:
c. normal faults
6. Tensional forces normally cause which one of the following?
d. Overturned fold
7. What type of fold is this?
c. strike slip
8. A(n) ________ fault has little or no vertical movements of the two blocks.
c. horizontal, tensional stresses drive the deformation
9. In thrust faulting, ________.
c. a hanging wall block that has moved down between two normal faults
10. A graben is characterized by ________.
b. right-lateral
11. If you are standing facing a strike-slip fault, and movement of the crustal block on the opposite
side is to your right, it is called a(n) ________ strike-slip fault.
c. the hanging wall block moves downward relative to the footwall block (footwall strata are "up"
relative to hanging wall strata)
12. In a normal fault, ________.
b. a low-angle (<45 degrees) reverse fault
13. A thrust fault is best described as ________.
, a. Joints
14. Fractures in rock that do not involve slippage or offset along the fracture are called ________.
a. Aftershocks
15. Major earthquakes are often followed by somewhat smaller events known as ________.
a. elastic rebound
16. The mechanism by which rocks store and eventually release energy in the form of an earthquake
is termed ________.
c. focus or hypocenter
17. When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source. The source (within
the earth) is also referred to as the ________.
a. Epicenter
18. The position on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake source is called the ________.
c. convergent plate boundaries (subduction zones)
19. Most of Earth's strongest earthquakes tend to occur along ________.
a. Primary waves
20. ________ have the highest velocities (are the fastest)
c. surface waves (Love and Rayleigh waves)
21. On a typical seismogram, ________ will show the highest amplitudes.
c. surface waves (Love and Rayleigh waves)
22. Overall, this type of seismic wave is the most destructive.
a. earthquake magnitude
23. The distance between a seismological recording station and the earthquake source is determined
from the ________.
d. Modified Mercalli
24. The ______________________ scale is a measure of the total energy released during an
earthquake. It does not directly measure the extent of building damage.
a. XII
25. ________ is the maximum possible damage designation on the Modified Mercalli scale.
a. the outer core (liquid)
29. S waves cannot travel through ________
