CDR - Vitamins & Minerals Questions
And Answers.
B1 (name, properties, function, sources, deficiencies) -
\thiamin
water soluble, lost as temp/pH rises, heat stable in acid
needed for oxidation of CHO
found in grains, wheat germ, pork, liver
deficiency indicated by elevated plasma pyruvate, beriberi, muscle weakness, foot drop,
memory loss, tachycardia
B3 (name, properties, function, sources, deficiencies) -
\Niacin
tryptophan is a precursor, essential in all cells for energy production & metabolism
metabolism of CHO, protein, fat
protein, peanuts, RTE cereals, chicken, rice, yeast, milk
pellagra, beefy bright red tongue
Folate (properties, function, sources, deficiencies) -
\properties: water soluble, PABA is precursor
function: DNA synthesis, forms RBC in bone marrow, prevents NTDs
sources: fortified dry cereal, liver, kidney, green leafy veg, citrus fruits, lentils, beans
deficiency: megaloblastic macrocytic anemia, diarrhea, fatigue, irritability, dyspnea
B6 (name, properties, function, sources, deficiencies) -
\pyridoxine
properties: INH (isoniazid to treat TB) is an antagonist
function: coenzyme in AA metabolism, increase in protein intake = increased needs
sources: meat, wheat, corn, yeast, pork, liver, RTE cereals
, deficiency: seizures, anemia, dermatitis, glossitis, peripheral neuropathy
B12 (name, properties, function, sources, deficiencies) -
\cyanocobalamin
properties: bound by intrinsic factor in gastric juice
function: conenzyme in protein synthesis, forms RBC
sources: liver, meat, kidney, eggs, fish, cheese
deficiency: macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia after
gastrectomy/ileum removal
B5 (name, properties, function, sources, deficiencies) -
\pantothenic acid
Conezyme A - energy, synthesis of fatty acids
Sources: animal foods, grains, legumes
Deficiency is rare
Vitamin C -
\Ascorbic acid
most easily destroyed, needs an acid pH
changes proline into hydroxyproline into collagen, wound healing, aids iron absorption
sources: citrus fruits potatoes papaya dark green and yellow vegetables
deficiency: scurvy, petechiae
Biotin -
\Synthesized by intestinal bacteria, inactivated by avidin (protein in raw egg white)
functions: coenzyme in fatty acid synthesis, converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate
Sources: liver, kidney, egg yolk, yeast
Deficiency: muscle pain, dermatitis, glossitis
myo-inositol -
\Binds calcium, zinc, iron
And Answers.
B1 (name, properties, function, sources, deficiencies) -
\thiamin
water soluble, lost as temp/pH rises, heat stable in acid
needed for oxidation of CHO
found in grains, wheat germ, pork, liver
deficiency indicated by elevated plasma pyruvate, beriberi, muscle weakness, foot drop,
memory loss, tachycardia
B3 (name, properties, function, sources, deficiencies) -
\Niacin
tryptophan is a precursor, essential in all cells for energy production & metabolism
metabolism of CHO, protein, fat
protein, peanuts, RTE cereals, chicken, rice, yeast, milk
pellagra, beefy bright red tongue
Folate (properties, function, sources, deficiencies) -
\properties: water soluble, PABA is precursor
function: DNA synthesis, forms RBC in bone marrow, prevents NTDs
sources: fortified dry cereal, liver, kidney, green leafy veg, citrus fruits, lentils, beans
deficiency: megaloblastic macrocytic anemia, diarrhea, fatigue, irritability, dyspnea
B6 (name, properties, function, sources, deficiencies) -
\pyridoxine
properties: INH (isoniazid to treat TB) is an antagonist
function: coenzyme in AA metabolism, increase in protein intake = increased needs
sources: meat, wheat, corn, yeast, pork, liver, RTE cereals
, deficiency: seizures, anemia, dermatitis, glossitis, peripheral neuropathy
B12 (name, properties, function, sources, deficiencies) -
\cyanocobalamin
properties: bound by intrinsic factor in gastric juice
function: conenzyme in protein synthesis, forms RBC
sources: liver, meat, kidney, eggs, fish, cheese
deficiency: macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia after
gastrectomy/ileum removal
B5 (name, properties, function, sources, deficiencies) -
\pantothenic acid
Conezyme A - energy, synthesis of fatty acids
Sources: animal foods, grains, legumes
Deficiency is rare
Vitamin C -
\Ascorbic acid
most easily destroyed, needs an acid pH
changes proline into hydroxyproline into collagen, wound healing, aids iron absorption
sources: citrus fruits potatoes papaya dark green and yellow vegetables
deficiency: scurvy, petechiae
Biotin -
\Synthesized by intestinal bacteria, inactivated by avidin (protein in raw egg white)
functions: coenzyme in fatty acid synthesis, converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate
Sources: liver, kidney, egg yolk, yeast
Deficiency: muscle pain, dermatitis, glossitis
myo-inositol -
\Binds calcium, zinc, iron
