ENZYMES
Chapter : 07
Pharmacognosy
, INTRODUCTION
• It is a proteins which act as catalyst.
• They play vital role in function of cell & activities of organism.
• The enzyme are proteins that range in molecular weight from
about 13,000 to as much as 840,000 Dalton.
• Minute quantities of enzymes are required to complete a
chemical reaction
Temperatur
Solubility : pH: Chemicals :
e:
• Enzyme • Soluble in • pH of • Its activity
shows water & dil. medium & is reduced
maximum Alcohol effect is by :
activity b/w while Conc. directly • formaldehy
35 – 40 °C. Alcohol ppts proportional de,
• Inactive at them. to the • free iodine,
0°C & activity of • heavy
beyond it. metals &
65°C • tannin.
denaturated
.
, P R O P E RT I E S O F E N Z Y M E S
SPECIFICITY: CATALYTIC EFFEICIENT : REACTIVE :
They are
exceptionall
y versatile
catalyst:
They they give, They are Enzymatic
catalyze hydrolytic exceedingly reactions
only one reaction, efficient proceed 8-
range of oxidation- under 10 times
reaction reduction, optimal more rapidly
acyl-transfer condition. than non-
reaction, enzymatic
aldol reaction
condensatio
n,
polymerizati
ons & free
radical
reaction.
, C H E M I C A L N AT U R E O F E N Z Y M E S
PROENZYMES OR ZYMOGENS.
• Many enzymes are inactive when first produced.
Such enzymes in inactive form are called
proenzymes or zymogens. They are inactive because
the active site is not exposed and unable to bind
with substrate.
COENZYMES OR ACTIVATORS:
• Later by the action of essential coenzymes or
activator they made active.
• Enzymes often occur in combination with inorganic
and organic substances that have an important
part in the catalytic action.
• If these are non protein organic compounds
coenzymes.
• If they are inorganic ions activator
Chapter : 07
Pharmacognosy
, INTRODUCTION
• It is a proteins which act as catalyst.
• They play vital role in function of cell & activities of organism.
• The enzyme are proteins that range in molecular weight from
about 13,000 to as much as 840,000 Dalton.
• Minute quantities of enzymes are required to complete a
chemical reaction
Temperatur
Solubility : pH: Chemicals :
e:
• Enzyme • Soluble in • pH of • Its activity
shows water & dil. medium & is reduced
maximum Alcohol effect is by :
activity b/w while Conc. directly • formaldehy
35 – 40 °C. Alcohol ppts proportional de,
• Inactive at them. to the • free iodine,
0°C & activity of • heavy
beyond it. metals &
65°C • tannin.
denaturated
.
, P R O P E RT I E S O F E N Z Y M E S
SPECIFICITY: CATALYTIC EFFEICIENT : REACTIVE :
They are
exceptionall
y versatile
catalyst:
They they give, They are Enzymatic
catalyze hydrolytic exceedingly reactions
only one reaction, efficient proceed 8-
range of oxidation- under 10 times
reaction reduction, optimal more rapidly
acyl-transfer condition. than non-
reaction, enzymatic
aldol reaction
condensatio
n,
polymerizati
ons & free
radical
reaction.
, C H E M I C A L N AT U R E O F E N Z Y M E S
PROENZYMES OR ZYMOGENS.
• Many enzymes are inactive when first produced.
Such enzymes in inactive form are called
proenzymes or zymogens. They are inactive because
the active site is not exposed and unable to bind
with substrate.
COENZYMES OR ACTIVATORS:
• Later by the action of essential coenzymes or
activator they made active.
• Enzymes often occur in combination with inorganic
and organic substances that have an important
part in the catalytic action.
• If these are non protein organic compounds
coenzymes.
• If they are inorganic ions activator
