NGA 31 & 40 - Installing PE/Steel Pipes (31A), Installing Pipe in an
excavation (31B) Horizontal Boring (31D), Dead Insertion (31E),
Replacing Tracer Wire (40) *BASIC 8 OQs* Original Set
[Notes based on the NGA 31/40 Student Manual
written by Industrial Training Services]
Backfill
Refilling an excavated area or trench with excavated material. Proper backfill material depends on soil
conditions and piping use.
Bore Hole
A hole bored into the ground vertically or horizontally to form a narrow shaft
Casing Pipe Excavation
Pipe used as an exterior protective conduit. Any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an
earth surface formed by earth removal.
Note: In other words, A casing pipe is rarely the product pipe, and is simply used in order to create a
bore. This type of pipe is most commonly used to protect utility lines over short distances.
Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD)
Sometimes referred to as "Directional Boring", and is a trenchless construction method used to install
pipelines (both plastic and steel) where conventional trench construction will result in adverse
disturbances to the surrounding environment (such as traffic disruption and surface damage)
Insertion
A method of trenchless installation where a new plastic pipe is inserted into an underground steel
facility. The steel pipe acts a protective casing for the newly installed plastic pipe
Marker Ball
An electronic marker that is installed with a new facility that sends a signal to an electronic locator
Plant-In Method
Placing pipes underground by means of a chute that terminates at the rear of a subsoiler attachment
Pull-in Method
Pipes are pulled through the ground in an oversized bore hole created by a mole or subsoiler
Shear/Shearing Stress
A stress that is applied parallel to the face of the object. The force causes the two contacting parts or
layers to slide upon each other in OPPOSITE directions parallel to the plane of their contact
Spoil
The soil, rock, or rubble that results from an excavation and is discarded on spoil heaps
Tracer Wire
, Conductive Wire that is installed to assist in locating buried plastic pipes.
Trench
A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground. In general, the depth is greater than the
width, but the width must be no greater than 15 feet.
Trenchless Installation
A modern method of trench installation for pipelines causing minimal surface damage while installing
pipeline
Vibratory Plowing
A method of trenchless installation using a vibratory plow to plow and insert a pipelines underground
by plant-in or pull-in method
Weak Link
A link between the pipe and the mole head designed to break at a pull of not more than half the
apparent yield strength of the pipe being installed
Material Specifications for PLASTIC Pipes (13 Terms)
Pipe Size and Sizing System, Dimension Ratio (DR), Manufacturer, Series, End Use, Pipe Material
Designation Code, Pipe Category Code, Manufacturing Standard, Lot Number, No Rework (NR), 3rd
Party Compliance, Sequential Foot Counter, and Date of Manufacturing. All Specifications are located
on the exterior side of the tube, manufactures by law must print this information on them.
Pipe Size and Sizing System (Plastic)
1st Marking. IPS indicates "Iron Pipe Size" and means the plastic pipe has the same outside diameter
as iron pipe of the same nominal size.
Dimension Ratio (DR) (Plastic)
2nd Marking. DR indicate dimension ratio of the pipe.
- With a CTS sizing system, this will be the "Minimum Wall", denoting the minimum wall thickness
Manufacturer (Plastic)
3rd Marking. The manufacturer or product name is printed on the pipe
Series (Plastic)
4th Marking. The series number usually follows the name of the product or manufacturer
End Use (Plastic)
5th Marking. The End Use Application indicates the kind of line for which the pipe is used
Pipe Material Designation Code (Plastic)
* 6th Marking. The letters "PE" in a pipe designation code such as PE 2406 represents Polyethylene.
PE 24 is MEDIUM density. PE 34 is HIGH density.
excavation (31B) Horizontal Boring (31D), Dead Insertion (31E),
Replacing Tracer Wire (40) *BASIC 8 OQs* Original Set
[Notes based on the NGA 31/40 Student Manual
written by Industrial Training Services]
Backfill
Refilling an excavated area or trench with excavated material. Proper backfill material depends on soil
conditions and piping use.
Bore Hole
A hole bored into the ground vertically or horizontally to form a narrow shaft
Casing Pipe Excavation
Pipe used as an exterior protective conduit. Any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an
earth surface formed by earth removal.
Note: In other words, A casing pipe is rarely the product pipe, and is simply used in order to create a
bore. This type of pipe is most commonly used to protect utility lines over short distances.
Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD)
Sometimes referred to as "Directional Boring", and is a trenchless construction method used to install
pipelines (both plastic and steel) where conventional trench construction will result in adverse
disturbances to the surrounding environment (such as traffic disruption and surface damage)
Insertion
A method of trenchless installation where a new plastic pipe is inserted into an underground steel
facility. The steel pipe acts a protective casing for the newly installed plastic pipe
Marker Ball
An electronic marker that is installed with a new facility that sends a signal to an electronic locator
Plant-In Method
Placing pipes underground by means of a chute that terminates at the rear of a subsoiler attachment
Pull-in Method
Pipes are pulled through the ground in an oversized bore hole created by a mole or subsoiler
Shear/Shearing Stress
A stress that is applied parallel to the face of the object. The force causes the two contacting parts or
layers to slide upon each other in OPPOSITE directions parallel to the plane of their contact
Spoil
The soil, rock, or rubble that results from an excavation and is discarded on spoil heaps
Tracer Wire
, Conductive Wire that is installed to assist in locating buried plastic pipes.
Trench
A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground. In general, the depth is greater than the
width, but the width must be no greater than 15 feet.
Trenchless Installation
A modern method of trench installation for pipelines causing minimal surface damage while installing
pipeline
Vibratory Plowing
A method of trenchless installation using a vibratory plow to plow and insert a pipelines underground
by plant-in or pull-in method
Weak Link
A link between the pipe and the mole head designed to break at a pull of not more than half the
apparent yield strength of the pipe being installed
Material Specifications for PLASTIC Pipes (13 Terms)
Pipe Size and Sizing System, Dimension Ratio (DR), Manufacturer, Series, End Use, Pipe Material
Designation Code, Pipe Category Code, Manufacturing Standard, Lot Number, No Rework (NR), 3rd
Party Compliance, Sequential Foot Counter, and Date of Manufacturing. All Specifications are located
on the exterior side of the tube, manufactures by law must print this information on them.
Pipe Size and Sizing System (Plastic)
1st Marking. IPS indicates "Iron Pipe Size" and means the plastic pipe has the same outside diameter
as iron pipe of the same nominal size.
Dimension Ratio (DR) (Plastic)
2nd Marking. DR indicate dimension ratio of the pipe.
- With a CTS sizing system, this will be the "Minimum Wall", denoting the minimum wall thickness
Manufacturer (Plastic)
3rd Marking. The manufacturer or product name is printed on the pipe
Series (Plastic)
4th Marking. The series number usually follows the name of the product or manufacturer
End Use (Plastic)
5th Marking. The End Use Application indicates the kind of line for which the pipe is used
Pipe Material Designation Code (Plastic)
* 6th Marking. The letters "PE" in a pipe designation code such as PE 2406 represents Polyethylene.
PE 24 is MEDIUM density. PE 34 is HIGH density.
