BIOS 242 FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY
QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE CORRECT ANSWERS
EXAM TEST UPDATE 2024
Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology
These branches monitor and control the spread of diseases in communities
Immunology
This branch studies the complex web of protective substances and cells produced in response to
infection.
Industrial Microbiology
This branch safeguards our food and water, and also includes biotechnology, the use of microbial
metabolism to arrive at a desired product, ranging from bread making to gene therapy. microbes can be
used to create large quantities of substances such as amino acids, beer, drugs, enzymes, and vitamins
Agricultural Microbiology
This branch is concerned with the relationship between microbes and domesticated plants and animals
What is Microbiology?
The study of microscopic organisms
Major group of microorganisms
Bacteria, Viruses, protozoa, helminths, and fungi. All these are cellular organisms except for the Viruses.
Viruses
Cause harm to the host cell they infect.
Medical Microbiology
this branch deals with microbes that cause diseases in humans and animals. researchers examine factors
that make the microbes virulent and mechanisms for inhibiting them
Environmental Microbiology
branch of microbiology studying the role of microorganisms in soils, water, and other habitats
LUCA
Last Universal Common Ancestor. The shared ancestor that multiple organisms diverged from
Eukaryotes
, organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Bacteria and Archaea
prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cell
cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
Evolution
Accumulation of Changes that occurs in organisms as they adapt to their environment.
Photosynthesis
process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide
into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
photosynthesis in which oxygen (O2) is not produced
Aerobic respiration
Respiration that requires oxygen
Photosynthetic microorganisms
(bacteria and algae) account for more than 70% of earth's photosynthesis, contributing the majority of
the oxygen to the atmosphere.
Decomposition
A breaks down of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into natural
cycle of living things.
Genetic engineering
A technology that includes the process of manipulating or altering the genetic material of a cell resulting
in desirable functions or outcomes that would not occur naturally.
Recombinant DNA technology
technology that combines genes from different sources to deliberately alter DNA.
Bioremediation
The introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutant.
Pathogens
Microbes that cause disease
Archaea
QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE CORRECT ANSWERS
EXAM TEST UPDATE 2024
Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology
These branches monitor and control the spread of diseases in communities
Immunology
This branch studies the complex web of protective substances and cells produced in response to
infection.
Industrial Microbiology
This branch safeguards our food and water, and also includes biotechnology, the use of microbial
metabolism to arrive at a desired product, ranging from bread making to gene therapy. microbes can be
used to create large quantities of substances such as amino acids, beer, drugs, enzymes, and vitamins
Agricultural Microbiology
This branch is concerned with the relationship between microbes and domesticated plants and animals
What is Microbiology?
The study of microscopic organisms
Major group of microorganisms
Bacteria, Viruses, protozoa, helminths, and fungi. All these are cellular organisms except for the Viruses.
Viruses
Cause harm to the host cell they infect.
Medical Microbiology
this branch deals with microbes that cause diseases in humans and animals. researchers examine factors
that make the microbes virulent and mechanisms for inhibiting them
Environmental Microbiology
branch of microbiology studying the role of microorganisms in soils, water, and other habitats
LUCA
Last Universal Common Ancestor. The shared ancestor that multiple organisms diverged from
Eukaryotes
, organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Bacteria and Archaea
prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cell
cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
Evolution
Accumulation of Changes that occurs in organisms as they adapt to their environment.
Photosynthesis
process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide
into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
photosynthesis in which oxygen (O2) is not produced
Aerobic respiration
Respiration that requires oxygen
Photosynthetic microorganisms
(bacteria and algae) account for more than 70% of earth's photosynthesis, contributing the majority of
the oxygen to the atmosphere.
Decomposition
A breaks down of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into natural
cycle of living things.
Genetic engineering
A technology that includes the process of manipulating or altering the genetic material of a cell resulting
in desirable functions or outcomes that would not occur naturally.
Recombinant DNA technology
technology that combines genes from different sources to deliberately alter DNA.
Bioremediation
The introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutant.
Pathogens
Microbes that cause disease
Archaea
