MUSC 102 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

MUSC 102 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS AM: emotional expression - Answer- The emotion may be religious exaltation, grief, as in the laments, longing or passion, as in the love songs, joy of motion, sexual excitement. Essentially, music serves as a pathway for people to express their emotion, whether its happy, sad, excitement...etc. Release of otherwise inexpressible thoughts and ideas, the opportunity to let off steam, resolve social conflicts, explosion of creativity, group expression of hostilities provide a vehicle for the expression of ideas and emotions not revealed in ordinary discourse AM: aesthetic enjoyment - Answer- There is an aesthetic element to music that can be appreciated as beautiful or impressive or interesting in an objective way aside from its effect on listeners (both creators and contemplators can observe it) operative in some cultures and present in others AM: entertainment - Answer- People play music for personal use, to feel good. i.g., people listen to music when they're at a party and chill AM: communication - Answer- Music is not a universal language, but the composer may use words that reflect the culture that he/ she is in. having such foundation, the lyrics that is used in the song would contain messages that he or she is trying to deliver to the audience. It reflects the composer's value, thoughts, emotion...etc. Essentially it's not universally understood, music is communication within a certain culture, framed by the composer shared as a human activity so conveys a certain limited understanding simply by its existence communicated direct info to those who understand the language; it conveys emotion or something similar AM: symbolic representation - Answer- Music is a symbolic representation of other things, ideas and behaviors AM: physical response - Answer- Very similar to emotional expression, music can elicit physical expression, arousing people's emotion, making people to engage in certain behavior (e.g., dance, shout...etc.) Ex: Hearing the fight on song at USC football game or ASMR (synesthesia) elicits physical response counted upon in its use in human society, though the responses may be shaped by cultural conventions AM: enforcing conformity to social norms - Answer- "Songs of social control play an important part in a substantial amount of cultures, both through direct warning to erring members of the society and through indirect establishment of what is considered to be proper behavior...Songs of protest call attention as well to propriety and impropriety" Essentially songs as a part of culture can be used to guide behavior both explicitly and implicitly as well as calling attention in forms of protest ex. teasing songs, "you smell, wear axe"; pushes ppl to stay inside the social norms; push ppl to do something that is socially instituted AM: validating social institutions and religious rituals - Answer- Religious systems are validated, as in folklore, through the recitation of myth and legend in song, as well as through music which expresses religious precepts Social institutions are validated through songs which emphasize the proper and improper in society as well as those which tell people what to do and how to do it songs preserve order and coordinate the ceremonial symbols, uses a longterm frustration or conflict in personal needs or cultural demands which is tied in with the mores of the society to provide a conflict and sanctioned solution and tend to validate the social system AM: contributing to the continuity and stability of culture - Answer- In having all the above functions, music contributes to culture just like any other aspect of culture and its functions "play a part" in the continuity and stability of culture music is an enculturative mechanism and thus reaches into almost every aspect of life AM: contribution to the integration of society - Answer- In providing a solidarity point around which members of society congregate, music does indeed function to integrate society Alan Merriam's Anthropology of Music: ethnomusicology - Answer- The study of the music of different cultures, especially non-Western ones. The "primary aim [of ethnomusicology is] the comparative study of all the characteristics, normal or otherwise, of non European [music] Merriam: Ethnomusicology is to be defined as "the study of music