NURS 546 Midterm 2 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

NURS 546 Midterm 2 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is chronic disease? - Answer- The irreversible presence, accumulation, or latency of disease states or impairments that involve the total human environment for supportive care and self-care maintenance of function and prevention of further disability. -potential disability and loss of function Characteristics of chronic disease: - Answer- -irreversible -permanent changes from the normal -residual disability -special rehab required -need long term medical or nursing management Risk factors for development of chronic illness: - Answer- -smoking -lifestyle -environment -SEDOHs -stress -inactivity -isolation and loneliness Conceptual Model of chronic illness: - Answer- -shifting perspective where wellness is in the foreground above the illness. Focus on living well with the disease and not letting the disease control the life Chronic illness trajectory - Answer- 1. Pre-trajectory - at risk (genetic, behaviors) 2. Trajectory- onset of symptoms or disability 3. Stable- managed, reinforce positive behaviors 4. Unstable- exacerbation, complications, uncertainty 5. Acute: Sudden onset of severe sx or complications 6. Crisis phase- critical or life threatening 7. Comeback phase - recovery after acute period 8. Downward phase-worsening, can be arrested and restabilize 9. Dying- gradual or rapid decline despite efforts, failure of life-maintaining body functions Psychosocial dimensions of chronic illness - Answer- -illness behaviours -self efficacy -health related hardiness -mood disorders -fatigue -stigma -quality of life Illness behaviour - Answer- -sick role: defined by sickness -expert client self-efficacy - Answer- -mastery -vicarious experiences -verbal persuasions and other social influences -physiological and affective states What is the greatest factor in establishing wellness? - Answer- Adaptation of lifestyle Self management of illness - Answer- The ability of the individual and family to manage symptoms, treatments, lifestyle changes, and psychosocial, cultural and spiritual consequences of health conditions Main factors of self management: - Answer- -recognizing and responding to symptoms -using meds -managing acute episodes -maintaining diet and activity -stopping smoking -managing relations with significant others -managing psychosocial responses to illness Physiological dimensions of pain: - Answer- 1. Transductio