NETA Personal Training Study Guide 2024 with Complete Solutions

NETA Personal Training Study Guide 2024 with Complete Solutions kinesiology - Answer- the study of human movement biomechanics - Answer- the study and the application of the principles of mechanics to the biological systems of the human body anatomical position - Answer- standing in a tall position, feet hip-width apart with the toes pointing forward, the arms hanging to the sides of the body, palms of the hands facing foward, and the head and eyes looking straight ahead median - Answer- a vertical line down the center of the body, which divides the body into the left and right halves (also known as the midline) medial - Answer- a point on the body located closer to the midline or the middle of the body lateral - Answer- away from the midline or the middle of the body superior - Answer- closer to the head (away from the feet) inferior - Answer- away from the head (closer to the feet) proximal - Answer- closer to the attached end of a limb or the center of the body distal - Answer- away from the attached end of a limb or the center of the body anterior - Answer- on or toward the front of the body posterior - Answer- on or toward the back of the body superficial - Answer- closer to or on the surface of the body deep - Answer- further beneath or away from the surface of the body plane - Answer- a flat, level surface extending into space sagittal plane - Answer- extends from the median dividing the body into the right and left sides frontal plane - Answer- divides the body into the anterior (front) and posterior (back) transverse plane - Answer- separates the body into the upper and lower segments (also known as horizontal plane) axial skeleton - Answer- the 80 bones that include the skull, spinal column, sternum, and ribs appendicular skeleton - Answer- the 126 bones that include the upper and lower extremities as well as the shoulder and pelvic girdle vertebral column - Answer- the series of 33 interconnected bones including the cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx vertebrae - Answer- the individual bones of the vertebral column cervical vertebrae - Answer- consists of 7 vertebrae, which support the skull and neck thoracic vertebrae - Answer- consists of 12 vertebrae, articulates (connects) to the ribs providing support to the thorax lumbar vertebrae - Answer- consists of 5 vertebrae, supports a significant portion of the body's weight as well as sustain various forces applied to the body sacrum - Answer- a single bone consisting of 5 fused vertebrae which transmits body weight to the hip joints through articulations with the pelvic girdle coccyx - Answer- consists of up to 4 fused vertebrae and is considered to be functionally insignificant ossification - Answer- the hardening of muscular tissue into a bony substance short bone - Answer- bone that provide greater strength, but decreased movement capability (carpals and tarsals) long bone - Answer- bone that provide rigid levers for movement (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, phalanges) flat bone - Answer- bone that serve as broad sites for muscle attachment (ribs, sternum, scapula, ilium) irregular bone - Answer- ischium, pubis, the vertebrae articulation - Answer- the junction between two adjacent bones synarthrodial joint - Answer- an immovable joint held together by tough, fibrous connective tissue (also known as a fibrous joint) amphiarthrodial joint - Answer- a slightly moveable joint often connected by fibrocartilaginous tissue (also known as a cartilaginous joint) diarthrodial joint - Answer- a freely moveable joint containing a joint capsule, artiuclar cartilage, and synovial membrane producing synovial fluid (also known as a