CPCT: Phlebotomy Review 2024 with Complete Solutions

CPCT: Phlebotomy Review 2024 with Complete Solutions Arteries - Answer- carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body Veins - Answer- carry blood back to the heart Capillaries - Answer- The smallest blood vessels, and the site of exchange of chemicals and water between the blood and the tissues. Always use ______________ when handling body fluids, nonintact skin, or mucous membranes. - Answer- PPE What should you always check when identifying patients? - Answer- Two patient identifiers Average needle size for venipuncture - Answer- 20-23 gauge, 1-1.5 inch Check on the needle before using - Answer- Expiration date, labels and seal, safety device, bevel Items to gather for venipuncture - Answer- Alcohol pads, tourniquet, needle, hub, adapter, tubes, tube holder, labels. Labeling specimens - Answer- Do this in front of the patient, do not use a pencil, do not cover the stopper or lid, avoid wrinkling, fill out after collecting specimen. Reasons for Dermal Puncture - Answer- 1. Test requires small amount of blood 2. Patient does not have accessible vein but blood collection is essential. 3. Laboratory test requires capillary blood 4. Patient is at risk of iatrogenic anemia For infants younger than ________________, a dermal puncture is preferable. - Answer- 1 year old Finger stick site - Answer- Third or fourth finger, patient's nondominant hand, fleshy off- center side of the finger. Heel stick site - Answer- Medial or lateral side of the plantar surface on the heel. Do not use the back of the heel. Hematoma - Answer- collection of blood under the skin What should you do with the first drop of blood from a dermal puncture? - Answer- Wipe away the first drop of blood Patient position for a venipuncture - Answer- Sitting in chair or lying in bed. Never standing or sitting on stool or exam table. Preferable order of vein selection for venipuncture - Answer- 1. Median cubital vein 2. Cephalic Vein 3. Hand vein 4. Basilic Vein What to do if patient has IV in arm and you need to perform venipuncture: - Answer- 1. First try to find a vein in the other arm 2. If needed, perform the venipuncture distal to the IV catheter insertion site Areas to avoid for a venipuncture - Answer- Mastectomy side, tattoo, hematoma, edema, scars, sclerosis Sclerotic - Answer- Hard, inflexible, and narrow, as it is typical with veins that have undergone multiple venipunctures Position of the tourniquet - Answer- 3 to 4 inches above the bend of the elbow or hand (depending on the venipuncture location) time tourniquet can be left on - Answer- 60 sec/1 min or less Antiseptic application for venipuncture or dermal puncture - Answer- 70% alcohol pad or swab, use friction scrub with back and forth movement, allow to air dry Angle of insertion for venipuncture in antecubital region - Answer- 15-30 degrees Angle of insertion for venipuncture of dorsal hand - Answer- 10 degrees Needle Bevel - Answer- This part of the needle should be facing up during venipuncture procedure Evacuated Tube System - Answer- Most common method of blood collection. Needle is attached to a holder and allows for multiple specimen tube fills and changes without blood leakage. Evacuated tube stopper colors - Answer- Helps identify which type of tube to use for which laboratory test. Also relates to the various additives in the tubes