NR 442 - Exam 1, community health exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

NR 442 - Exam 1, community health exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass Community - Answer- - a group of people who share something in common and interact with one another, who may exhibit a commitment with one another and may share a geographic boundary - PRIMARY FOCUS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH Public Health Intervention Wheel: Levels of Practice - Answer- - Community - Individual - System System/group Level of Practice Example - Answer- community health nurse working with the state health department and federal vaccine program to coordinate a response to an outbreak of measles in a migrant population. Community/Population Level of Practice Example - Answer- public health nurses working with area high schools to give each student a profile of his or her health to promote nutritional and physical activity lifestyle changes to improve the student's health. Individual Level of Practice Example - Answer- nurse receives a referral to care for an individual with a diagnosed mental illness who would require regular monitoring of his medication compliance to prevent rehospitalization Core Functions of Public Health - Answer- - assessment - policy development - assurance of availability Primary Prevention - Answer- - prevention of problem before it occurs - immunization Secondary Prevention - Answer- - early detection and intervention - screening for an STD - for diseases that can be controlled Tertiary Prevention - Answer- - correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state - teaching insulin administration at home What is the main focus of Public Health? - Answer- PREVENTION What is the main focus of Medicine? - Answer- disease management and diagnosis Childhood Obesity - Answer- - focus on a healthier lifestyle - reduce the rate the childhood obesity - education What causes more than half of Premature Deaths? - Answer- behavior and environment reasons What has the greatest influence on Community Health? - Answer- behavioral choices What are the 3 elements of the Epidemiology Triangle? - Answer- - agent - host - environment Epidemiology Triangle - Answer- - depends on the extent of the host's exposure to an agent, the strength or virulence of the agent, and the host's genetic or immunological susceptibility. - also depends on the environmental conditions existing at the time of exposure Web of Causation - Answer- illustrates the complexity of relationships among causal variables Incidence Rate - Answer- describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition in a community over a period of time relative to the size of the population at risk for that disease or condition during that same time period. Prevalence Rate - Answer- the number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in a population at a given point in time relative to the population at the same point in time Endemic - Answer- Diseases that are always present in a population (e.g., colds and pneumonia) Epidemic - Answer- Diseases that are not always present in a population but flare up on occasion (e.g., diphtheria and measles) Pandemic - Answer- The existence of disease in a large proportion of the population: a global epidemic (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and annual outbreaks of influenza type A) Chronic vs Acute (prevalence) - Answer- chronic always has a higher prevalence than acute disease Passive Immunity - Answer- - natural contact with antibody - hep a --) immunoglobin - through blood or plasma EXAMPLE: Infant born with temporary antibodies to measles. Temporary or through colostrum and breast milk Active Immunity - Answer- - Natural contact and infection with the antigen - acquiring measles Leading Cause of Preventable Death - Answer- - smoking - alcohol - lifestyle choices Herd Immunity - Answer- those not immune to an infectious agent are protected if a certain proportion of the population has been vaccinated or is otherwise immune Primary Failure of Vaccines - Answer- - failure of a vaccine to stimulate any immune response - caused by improper storage that may render the vaccine ineffective, improper administration route, or exposure of a light-sensitive vaccine to light. ANA - Code of Ethics - Answer- promotes social reform by focusing on health policy and legislation to positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health care. Social Justice - Answer- - Mission of Public Health - entitles all people to basic necessities such as adequate income and he