NEW PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 251 PHARMACOLOGY
MODULE 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Hypertension - -answer--most often patients are asymptomatic
-headache, visual changes, and dizziness are experienced
-most common of all cardiovascular diseases affecting 60 million Americans
Therapy options for Hypertension (4) - -answer--Diuretics
-B adrenergic -Blocking Agents
-Calcium Channel Blockers
-Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Diuretics - -answer--Considered first line of therapy fro hypertension
-Works by promoting excretion of sodium and water which in turn decreases blood
volume and pressure
What are the two major types of diuretics - -answer-Thiazide diuretics
loop diuretics
Thiazide diuretics (what is the most commonly used) - -answer--Hydrochlorothiazide
(HCTZ) (most commonly used thiazide) for hypertension
-frequently associated with xerostomia
-must avoid orthostatic hypotension
Loop diuretics (what is most commonly used) - -answer--Fluosemide (Lasix) is most
common loop diuretic
-Used I the management of hypertensive patients with CHF
B-Adrenergic Blocking Agents - -answer--lower blood pressure primarily by decreasing
cardiac output
-considered the second line therapy
Examples of B-Adrenergic Blocking Agents (2) - -answer--Propranolo (Interpol)
-Metaprolo (Lopressor)
What will happen if patients taking nonspecific B-blockers such as propranolol are given
epinephrine - -answer-May have a two to four fold increase in vasodepressor response
-Use caution with Epinephrine
-neither gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine nor 1:50,000 epinephrine should
be used.
Calcium Channel Blockers - -answer-Works by producing systemic vasodilation by
blocking vasoconstriction in smooth muscle of blood vessels
Effects not reduced by NSAIDS
, What is one of the few antihypertensive agent whose effect is not reduced by NSAIDS -
-answer-Calcium channel blockers
Common oral manifestations of calcium channel blockers - -answer-Xerostomia
gingival enlargement
Common calcium channel blocking agents - -answer--Cardizem (Dilitiazem)
-Norvasc (Amylodipine)
-Verapamil (Isoptin, Calan)
-Nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE) - -answer-Blood pressure is lowered
when these drugs block the conversion of Angiotensin I and Angiotensin II (causes
dilation)
Cardiovascular diseases include.. (6) - -answer-Hypertension
Angina
Heart attack
Congestive heart failure
Arrhythmias
Cerebrovascular accident
What is the leading cause of death in the US - -answer-Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Contraindications to dental treatment (5) - -answer-Acute myocardial
infarction (w/in the preceding 3-6 mo)
Unstable (or recent onset) angina
Uncontrolled congestive heart failure
Uncontrolled arrhythmias
Significant uncontrolled hypertension (180/110)
Cardiovascular drugs are used to treat (3) - -answer-Congestive heart failure
Angina
hypertension
What is the most common type of drug used to treat CHF and how? - -answer-Digitalis
Glycosides
Increases contractile strength
What is the most commonly used product (Digitalis Glycosides) to treat CHF - -answer-
Digoxin (lanoxin)
What happens when Digoxin are used in combination with sympathomimetics - -
answer-Can lead to cardiac arrhythmias,
so vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetics should be used with caution
MODULE 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Hypertension - -answer--most often patients are asymptomatic
-headache, visual changes, and dizziness are experienced
-most common of all cardiovascular diseases affecting 60 million Americans
Therapy options for Hypertension (4) - -answer--Diuretics
-B adrenergic -Blocking Agents
-Calcium Channel Blockers
-Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Diuretics - -answer--Considered first line of therapy fro hypertension
-Works by promoting excretion of sodium and water which in turn decreases blood
volume and pressure
What are the two major types of diuretics - -answer-Thiazide diuretics
loop diuretics
Thiazide diuretics (what is the most commonly used) - -answer--Hydrochlorothiazide
(HCTZ) (most commonly used thiazide) for hypertension
-frequently associated with xerostomia
-must avoid orthostatic hypotension
Loop diuretics (what is most commonly used) - -answer--Fluosemide (Lasix) is most
common loop diuretic
-Used I the management of hypertensive patients with CHF
B-Adrenergic Blocking Agents - -answer--lower blood pressure primarily by decreasing
cardiac output
-considered the second line therapy
Examples of B-Adrenergic Blocking Agents (2) - -answer--Propranolo (Interpol)
-Metaprolo (Lopressor)
What will happen if patients taking nonspecific B-blockers such as propranolol are given
epinephrine - -answer-May have a two to four fold increase in vasodepressor response
-Use caution with Epinephrine
-neither gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine nor 1:50,000 epinephrine should
be used.
Calcium Channel Blockers - -answer-Works by producing systemic vasodilation by
blocking vasoconstriction in smooth muscle of blood vessels
Effects not reduced by NSAIDS
, What is one of the few antihypertensive agent whose effect is not reduced by NSAIDS -
-answer-Calcium channel blockers
Common oral manifestations of calcium channel blockers - -answer-Xerostomia
gingival enlargement
Common calcium channel blocking agents - -answer--Cardizem (Dilitiazem)
-Norvasc (Amylodipine)
-Verapamil (Isoptin, Calan)
-Nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE) - -answer-Blood pressure is lowered
when these drugs block the conversion of Angiotensin I and Angiotensin II (causes
dilation)
Cardiovascular diseases include.. (6) - -answer-Hypertension
Angina
Heart attack
Congestive heart failure
Arrhythmias
Cerebrovascular accident
What is the leading cause of death in the US - -answer-Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Contraindications to dental treatment (5) - -answer-Acute myocardial
infarction (w/in the preceding 3-6 mo)
Unstable (or recent onset) angina
Uncontrolled congestive heart failure
Uncontrolled arrhythmias
Significant uncontrolled hypertension (180/110)
Cardiovascular drugs are used to treat (3) - -answer-Congestive heart failure
Angina
hypertension
What is the most common type of drug used to treat CHF and how? - -answer-Digitalis
Glycosides
Increases contractile strength
What is the most commonly used product (Digitalis Glycosides) to treat CHF - -answer-
Digoxin (lanoxin)
What happens when Digoxin are used in combination with sympathomimetics - -
answer-Can lead to cardiac arrhythmias,
so vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetics should be used with caution
