Prehospital Emergency Care 11th edition
chapter 15 Questions With Answers
anaphylactic shock
A severe reaction that occurs when an allergen is introduced to the bloodstream of an allergic
individual. Characterized by bronchoconstriction, labored breathing, widespread vasodilation,
circulatory shock, and sometimes sudden death.
Asystole
The absence Of electrical activity and pumping action in the heart. This often registers on a
monitoring screen as a flat or nearly flat line; hence the term flat line is often used for asystole.
AED
automated external defibrillator
automated external defibrillator
electronic equipment that externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm
burn shock
A specific form of nonhemorrhagic hypovolemic shock resulting from a burn injury. Burns can
interrupt the integrity of the capillaries in the vessels and allow them to leak plasma and plasma
proteins.
Burn shock s/s
Inability of circulation to meet needs of tissues for oxygen and nutrients, pt goes into hypovolemic
shock (hypovolemia + extracellular sodium depletion). Hgb & Hct will rise,tachycardia, rapid shallow
respiration, restlessness, diminished blood volume hypotension, decreased urinary output, cardiac
output is markedly compromised by fluid shifts. Shifts decrease perfusion to liver, kidney, gut.
Hypermetabolic state exists.
cardiac arrest
cessation of heart activity
cardiogenic shock
Is caused by ineffective pump function of the heart. The patient has an adequate blood volume and
vessel tone, however, hypoperfusion results from the inability of the heart to contract effectively.
SIGNS OF CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
Hypotension
Urine output of less than 30mL/hour
Tachycardia
Cool, moist skin
Decreased level of consciousness
Chain of survival
Immediate recognition and activation, immediate high-quality CPR, rapid defibrillation, basic and
advanced emergency medical services, advanced life support and post arrest care.
, compensatory shock
stage of shock in which a cascade of organ and gland stimulation and hormones increases blood
pressure, restores atrial wall tension, and maintains near normal blood pressure and perfusion of vital
organs.
Signs of compensated shock
Anxiety, normal blood pressure, mild tachycardia greater than 100 bpm, pulse quality is thready and
extremity is becoming week, slight to moderate tachynpea near (20 to 30 per min), pale, cool skin,
skin is moist
decompensatory shock
Also commonly referred to as decompensated shock or progressive shock, is an advanced stage of
shock in which the body's compensatory mechanisms are no longer able to maintain a blood pressure
and perfusion of the vital organs.
Defribrillation
The procedure of sending an electrical current through the chest, is necessary to convert an abnormal
and lethal rhythm with no pulse to an organized rhythm capable of producing a pulse.
distributive shock
Is associated with a decrease in intravascular volume caused by massive systemic vasodilation and an
increase in capillary permeability. In a massive systemic vasodilation, there is usually no actual loss of
fluid or blood from the vessels, but rather a relative reduction in volume-that is, a volume that has
become inadequate to fill the increased size and capacity of the vessels.
downtime
This time starts when the patient goes into cardiac arrest until CPR is affectively being performed.
hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock
shock from the loss of whole blood from the intravascular space. Often called just hemorrhagic shock.
Managing hemorrhagic shock
Stop the bleeding is the first step in management of the patient. This type of shock often requires the
administration of red blood cells and other components to replace the intravascular blood volume
and clotting function that was lost. Thus, this patient requires immediate transport.
hemorrhagic shock
Results from the loss of whole blood from the intravascular space. The term hemorrhagic specifically
indicates whole blood loss that can occur from a Trumatic injury or medical illness.
hypoperfusion
Is defined as in adequate perfusion of the cells, tissues, and organs with oxygen and other nutrients
resulting in cell, tissue, and organ dysfunction.
hypovolemic shock
shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
chapter 15 Questions With Answers
anaphylactic shock
A severe reaction that occurs when an allergen is introduced to the bloodstream of an allergic
individual. Characterized by bronchoconstriction, labored breathing, widespread vasodilation,
circulatory shock, and sometimes sudden death.
Asystole
The absence Of electrical activity and pumping action in the heart. This often registers on a
monitoring screen as a flat or nearly flat line; hence the term flat line is often used for asystole.
AED
automated external defibrillator
automated external defibrillator
electronic equipment that externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm
burn shock
A specific form of nonhemorrhagic hypovolemic shock resulting from a burn injury. Burns can
interrupt the integrity of the capillaries in the vessels and allow them to leak plasma and plasma
proteins.
Burn shock s/s
Inability of circulation to meet needs of tissues for oxygen and nutrients, pt goes into hypovolemic
shock (hypovolemia + extracellular sodium depletion). Hgb & Hct will rise,tachycardia, rapid shallow
respiration, restlessness, diminished blood volume hypotension, decreased urinary output, cardiac
output is markedly compromised by fluid shifts. Shifts decrease perfusion to liver, kidney, gut.
Hypermetabolic state exists.
cardiac arrest
cessation of heart activity
cardiogenic shock
Is caused by ineffective pump function of the heart. The patient has an adequate blood volume and
vessel tone, however, hypoperfusion results from the inability of the heart to contract effectively.
SIGNS OF CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
Hypotension
Urine output of less than 30mL/hour
Tachycardia
Cool, moist skin
Decreased level of consciousness
Chain of survival
Immediate recognition and activation, immediate high-quality CPR, rapid defibrillation, basic and
advanced emergency medical services, advanced life support and post arrest care.
, compensatory shock
stage of shock in which a cascade of organ and gland stimulation and hormones increases blood
pressure, restores atrial wall tension, and maintains near normal blood pressure and perfusion of vital
organs.
Signs of compensated shock
Anxiety, normal blood pressure, mild tachycardia greater than 100 bpm, pulse quality is thready and
extremity is becoming week, slight to moderate tachynpea near (20 to 30 per min), pale, cool skin,
skin is moist
decompensatory shock
Also commonly referred to as decompensated shock or progressive shock, is an advanced stage of
shock in which the body's compensatory mechanisms are no longer able to maintain a blood pressure
and perfusion of the vital organs.
Defribrillation
The procedure of sending an electrical current through the chest, is necessary to convert an abnormal
and lethal rhythm with no pulse to an organized rhythm capable of producing a pulse.
distributive shock
Is associated with a decrease in intravascular volume caused by massive systemic vasodilation and an
increase in capillary permeability. In a massive systemic vasodilation, there is usually no actual loss of
fluid or blood from the vessels, but rather a relative reduction in volume-that is, a volume that has
become inadequate to fill the increased size and capacity of the vessels.
downtime
This time starts when the patient goes into cardiac arrest until CPR is affectively being performed.
hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock
shock from the loss of whole blood from the intravascular space. Often called just hemorrhagic shock.
Managing hemorrhagic shock
Stop the bleeding is the first step in management of the patient. This type of shock often requires the
administration of red blood cells and other components to replace the intravascular blood volume
and clotting function that was lost. Thus, this patient requires immediate transport.
hemorrhagic shock
Results from the loss of whole blood from the intravascular space. The term hemorrhagic specifically
indicates whole blood loss that can occur from a Trumatic injury or medical illness.
hypoperfusion
Is defined as in adequate perfusion of the cells, tissues, and organs with oxygen and other nutrients
resulting in cell, tissue, and organ dysfunction.
hypovolemic shock
shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
