Prehospital Emergency Care 11th Edition
Latest Exam Questions With Answers
Normal Breathing
An intact (open) airway
Normal respiratory rate
Good rise and fall of the chest
Normal respiratory rhythm
Breath sounds are present bilaterally
Chest expansion and relaxation that occurs normally
Minimal-to-absent use of accessory muscles to aid in breathing
Abnormal Breathing
-Increased width of space between the alveoli and blood vessels (hydrostatic pressure)
-Lack of perfusion of the pulmonary capillaries from the right ventricle of the heart
-Filling of the Alveoli with fluid, blood, or pus
Wheezing
High-pitched, musical, whistling sound that is best heard initially during exhalation but can also be
heard during inhalation in more severe cases.
Indication of swelling/constriction of the inner lining of the lower airways
(Asthma/Emphysema/Chronic Bronchitis/Pneumonia/CHF)
Rhonchi
(coarse crackles) snoring or rattling noises heard on auscultation.
Indication of obstruction of the larger conducting airways of the respiratory tract by thick secretions
of mucus.
(Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema/Aspiration/Pneumonia)
Crackles (Rales)
Bubbly, crackling sounds heard during inhalation.
Associated with fluid that has surrounded or filled the alveoli or small bronchioles.
Can indicate pulmonary edema or pneumonia
Hypoxemia
decreased level of oxygen in the blood
Hypercarbia
Increased carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream.
Dyspnea
shortness of breath
Apnea
absence of breathing (Complete Respiratory Arrest)
Hypoxia
deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the cells
Latest Exam Questions With Answers
Normal Breathing
An intact (open) airway
Normal respiratory rate
Good rise and fall of the chest
Normal respiratory rhythm
Breath sounds are present bilaterally
Chest expansion and relaxation that occurs normally
Minimal-to-absent use of accessory muscles to aid in breathing
Abnormal Breathing
-Increased width of space between the alveoli and blood vessels (hydrostatic pressure)
-Lack of perfusion of the pulmonary capillaries from the right ventricle of the heart
-Filling of the Alveoli with fluid, blood, or pus
Wheezing
High-pitched, musical, whistling sound that is best heard initially during exhalation but can also be
heard during inhalation in more severe cases.
Indication of swelling/constriction of the inner lining of the lower airways
(Asthma/Emphysema/Chronic Bronchitis/Pneumonia/CHF)
Rhonchi
(coarse crackles) snoring or rattling noises heard on auscultation.
Indication of obstruction of the larger conducting airways of the respiratory tract by thick secretions
of mucus.
(Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema/Aspiration/Pneumonia)
Crackles (Rales)
Bubbly, crackling sounds heard during inhalation.
Associated with fluid that has surrounded or filled the alveoli or small bronchioles.
Can indicate pulmonary edema or pneumonia
Hypoxemia
decreased level of oxygen in the blood
Hypercarbia
Increased carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream.
Dyspnea
shortness of breath
Apnea
absence of breathing (Complete Respiratory Arrest)
Hypoxia
deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the cells
