Fundamentals Basic Nursing Exam 3 (Bowel & Urinary Elimination, Nutrition)- Review Questions and Answers

GI tract made up of smooth muscle. from mouth to anus. major functions of the GI tract digestion, absorption, elimination. small bowel function: absorbs carbs, proteins, and fats. duodenum, jejunum, and ileum large bowel (colon) absorbs water, nutrients, and minerals. feces semisolid mass of undigested food and inorganic material when is the valsalva maneuver contraindicated? in patients with: glaucoma intracranial or intraocular pressure hemorrhoids cardiac conditions abdominal surgeries this position causes increased pressure and loss of o2. how can diet affect bowel elimination? not enough/too much fiber, not enough/too much water, dietary sensitivities (lactose/gluten) average daily fluid intake for healthy adult mL. at least 30mL/hr. what types of meds can affect bowel elimination? opioid analgesics, NSAIDS, laxatives. they can slow gastric emptying, cause GI bleeding, or faster elimination affecting absorption. pathological factors that can affect bowel elimination chron's disease, celiac disease, cancer, fissures, hemorrhoids. what diagnostic tests allow for direct visualization of the GI tract? colonoscopy or endoscopy. what can affect guiac/occult blood testing? menstruation, red meat consumption, increased vitamin C, anal fissures, hemorrhoids.